The relation constitutes to
The rotation vector sensor reports the orientation of the device relative to the East-North-Up coordinates frame.
The underlying physical sensors are Accelerometer, Magnetometer, and Gyroscope, while the latter is used as the main orientation change input.
Furthermore source.android.com says
This sensor also uses accelerometer and magnetometer input to make up for gyroscope drift, and it cannot be implemented using only the accelerometer and magnetometer.
In contrary the Game rotation vector
explicitly only uses the Accelerometer and Gyroscope. I asked a similar question on how the data is acutally fused, yet to be answered.
The link also directs to this table
