how to deal with the PyObject* from C++ in Python

Question

I create DLL wrote in C++ , the exporting function returns PyObject * .Then I use ctypes to import the DLL in Python . Now , how can I get the real PyObject ??

here's some part of c++ code:

PyObject* _stdcall getList(){

    PyObject * PList = NULL;
    PyObject * PItem = NULL;
    PList = PyList_New(10);

    vector <int> intVector;
    int i;
    for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
        intVector.push_back(i);
    }

    for(vector<int>::const_iterator it=intVector.begin();it<intVector.end();it++){
        PItem = Py_BuildValue("i", &it);
        PyList_Append(PList, PItem);
    }
    return PList;
}

and some python code :

dll = ctypes.windll.LoadLibrary(DllPath)
PList = dll.getList()

*I wanna get the real python list containing 1,2,3,4...10 ? * Am I clear ?? Thanks advance

Why not finish writing the module instead of using ctypes? – Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams Nov 29 '13 at 09:02 — Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams, Nov 29 '13 at 09:02
because I don't know what to do next...at that time – Aha_1024 Nov 29 '13 at 16:37 — Aha_1024, Nov 29 '13 at 16:37
http://docs.python.org/2/extending/extending.html – Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams Nov 29 '13 at 17:15 — Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams, Nov 29 '13 at 17:15

score 7 · Answer 1 · answered Nov 29 '13 at 09:08

You have a number of issues of your code, some modifications:

#include <Python.h>
#include <vector>

extern "C" PyObject* _stdcall getList(){
  PyObject *PList = PyList_New(0);

  std::vector <int> intVector;
  std::vector<int>::const_iterator it;

  for(int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++){
    intVector.push_back(i);
  }

  for(it = intVector.begin(); it != intVector.end() ; it++ ){
    PyList_Append(PList, Py_BuildValue("i", *it));
  }

  return PList;
}

compile it:

> g++ -Wall -shared lib.cpp -I \Python27\include -L \Python27\libs -lpython27 -o lib.dll -Wl,--add-stdcall-alias

now you can load it as any function and set the getList return type to py_object as:

import ctypes

lib = ctypes.WinDLL('lib.dll')

getList = lib.getList
getList.argtypes = None
getList.restype = ctypes.py_object

getList()

test it:

>>> import ctypes
>>>
>>> lib = ctypes.WinDLL('lib.dll')
>>>
>>> getList = lib.getList
>>> getList.argtypes = None
>>> getList.restype = ctypes.py_object
>>> getList()
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>>
>>>

thanks advance! learn from you , I modify my code , but finally return a python list like "[ " .btw,I use vs2010 to create the lib.dll. Does it metter?? — Aha_1024, Nov 29 '13 at 16:10
I found a solution to my problem. I pass a pyobject list as parameter to c++ function, in the function I add items to the list. Finally ,it works — Aha_1024, Nov 29 '13 at 16:18
@Huhu: Hold the GIL for this. ctypes defaults to releasing the GIL. Use a function pointer type with the flag `ctypes._FUNCFLAG_PYTHONAPI`, or a subclass of the [`CDLL` class](http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/3a1db0d2747e/Lib/ctypes/__init__.py#l332) with `_func_flags_ = ctypes._FUNCFLAG_STDCALL | ctypes._FUNCFLAG_PYTHONAPI`. — Eryk Sun, Nov 30 '13 at 04:22

score 1 · Answer 2 · answered Feb 20 '17 at 10:56

With Visual Studio, and Python 64 bits:
1- Create an empty Win32 Project (DLL Type)
2- Right Click on your Solution Project -> Configuration Manager
3- Active Solution configuration (Release)
4- Active Solution Platform -> New, then on the bottom Dropdown list, select x64 -> OK
5- In the Source Files Folder, add an empty C++ file
6- Put your C++ code (One modification for getList to be recognized)

#include <Python.h>
#include <vector>

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) PyObject* _stdcall getList();

PyObject* _stdcall getList(){


    PyObject *PList = PyList_New(0);

    std::vector <int> intVector;
    std::vector<int>::const_iterator it;

    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
        intVector.push_back(i);
    }

    for (it = intVector.begin(); it != intVector.end(); it++){
        PyList_Append(PList, Py_BuildValue("i", *it));
    }

    return PList;
}

score 0 · Answer 3 · edited Jun 20 '20 at 09:12

I'm not exactly clear what you are asking. But I suppose you mean to ask what you can do now with your DLL.

Well, in order to use it appropriately, you'll have to build a special DLL which directly can be imported as a module in Python. In order to determine what to do in order to use this, it is best you have a look for other modules, how they do it. E. g. MySQLdb could be a candidate.

In short, you have this "wrapper" DLL call your function.
But if I have a second look at your question now, I see that you are trying to load your DLL via ctypes. This is viable as well, maybe even better, and you'll have to use the ctypes.py_object data type.

I use "ctypes.py_object" and it works. excited~ Thank you very much — Aha_1024, Nov 29 '13 at 16:30

how to deal with the PyObject* from C++ in Python

3 Answers3

Linked