It turns out (as I suspected) that you tried to run a 32-bit executable on a 64-bit system. 64-bit Linux kernel is capable of running 32-bit executables (that's why you don't get "exec format error"), but it needs a separate set of (32-bit) libraries: 64-bit version of libudev.so.0 is useless for a 32-bit program. (See ld.so manpage for some details on shared library dependency resolution).
Modern Debian-based distributions support simultaneous library installation for several architectures. apt-get install libudev0:i386 should get a 32-bit version of the library and all its dependencies (there might be plenty of them if it's the first time you use a 32-bit application). If you upgraded from an ancient installation, you might need to add i386 to architectures supported by dpkg, like this:
dpkg --add-architecture i386
Some advices to use if the program needs some other libraries as well:
- Use ldd to see all the dependencies at once (and what's missing)
- Install apt-file and run
apt-file update, so you can look up a package name by a file name, even if the package is not currently installed (like this: apt-file search /libudev.so.0)
There was also an old Debian way of getting 32-bit libraries on a 64-bit system: ia32-libs package in amd64 repositories provided a set of libraries, conceptually "everything your application might need". Don't use this approach unless you're running Debian squeeze or earlier (or a debian-based distro of the same age). Even when it worked, there was no guarantee that the program doesn't need some other library as well. Ia32-libs was useful when multiarch support was not ready yet, and that was some years ago.
and I could find it in 
