Since the token is signed with a "secret" key - only the issuer can add data to it.
You can amend something to the claim set after receiving the token in your Web API - this is called claims transformation.
I have a sample of it here:
https://github.com/thinktecture/Thinktecture.IdentityModel/tree/master/samples/OWIN/AuthenticationTansformation
In essence you are writing some code that inspects the incoming token and add application specific claims to the resulting principal.
// Transform claims to application identity
app.UseClaimsTransformation(TransformClaims);
private Task<ClaimsPrincipal> TransformClaims(ClaimsPrincipal incoming)
{
if (!incoming.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
{
return Task.FromResult<ClaimsPrincipal>(incoming);
}
// Parse incoming claims - create new principal with app claims
var claims = new List<Claim>
{
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "foo"),
new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "bar")
};
var nameId = incoming.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier);
if (nameId != null)
{
claims.Add(nameId);
}
var thumbprint = incoming.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.Thumbprint);
if (thumbprint != null)
{
claims.Add(thumbprint);
}
var id = new ClaimsIdentity("Application");
id.AddClaims(claims);
return Task.FromResult<ClaimsPrincipal>(new ClaimsPrincipal(id));
}