There is a wrapper called seaborn that sits on top of matplotlib that does nice job of displaying the colormap or selected colors. For example:
sns.palplot(sns.color_palette("coolwarm", 7))

I suggest this over standard matplotlib since it exposes more support for working with color schemes and conversions as mentioned in the other part of your question. If you don't want to use an outside library, just modify the source code that plots this:
def palplot(pal, size=1):
"""Plot the values in a color palette as a horizontal array.
Parameters
----------
pal : sequence of matplotlib colors
colors, i.e. as returned by seaborn.color_palette()
size :
scaling factor for size of plot
"""
n = len(pal)
f, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(n * size, size))
ax.imshow(np.arange(n).reshape(1, n),
cmap=mpl.colors.ListedColormap(list(pal)),
interpolation="nearest", aspect="auto")
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(n) - .5)
ax.set_yticks([-.5, .5])
ax.set_xticklabels([])
ax.set_yticklabels([])