Target machine needs to have Redistributable Package for Visual C++ 10.0 installed. Download it from here:
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=5555
You may also consider reading this section of MSDN to learn more about deployment process:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zebw5zk9(VS.100).aspx
EDIT:
It seems that I missed that small 'd' in the DLL name. While this solution would be helpful in case of MSVCR100.dll (release version), it won't help you with the debug version, which you linked you application against. That's because debug DLLs are not included in redist packages - they are only shipped with Visual Studio.
Required DLLs (release builds) are placed in (VSInstallDir)\VC\redist(Platform)\Microsoft.VC100.CRT
Their debug versions can be found in (VSInstallDir)\VC\redist\Debug_NonRedist(Platform)\Microsoft.VC100.Debug.CRT.
However, I don't think that making any effort to run debug build is a good solution. Providing release build is probably what you should do.