An app can register custom URL handlers so that the system can direct certain type of requests directly to them.
A common example would be something like
appname://
or if an app has an associated facebook app it will usually handle facebook redirects to itself with its facebook app id which would look like
fb37238917293124://
(where the numbers are just the app ID)
Knowing an app's URL scheme will allow you to see if the app is installed on a given device by invoking the UIApplication
s canOpenURL
method.
It would look like this:
BOOL twitterInstalled = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] canOpenURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"twitter://"]];