34

Is there a way to specify a working directory to the Start-Job command?

Use-case:

I'm in a directory, and I want to open a file using Emacs for editing. If I do this directly, it will block PowerShell until I close Emacs. But using Start-Job attempts to run Emacs from my home directory, thus having Emacs open a new file instead of the one I wanted.

I tried to specify the full path using $pwd, but variables in the script block are not resolved until they're executing in the Start-Job context. So some way to force resolving the variables in the shell context would also be an acceptable answer to this.

So, here's what I've tried, just for completeness:

Start-Job { emacs RandomFile.txt }
Start-Job { emacs "$pwd/RandomFile.txt" }
JasonMArcher
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jdmichal
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6 Answers6

36

There is nice solution from comments section of some dude's post. Commenter suggests to use Init parameter to setup working directory of script block. 

function start-jobhere([scriptblock]$block) {
    Start-Job -Init ([ScriptBlock]::Create("Set-Location '$pwd'")) -Script $block
}
Sander
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asavartsov
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    ++ for the most generic solution: no helper script needed, no input argument that the background script block needs to know about and handle. – mklement0 Jun 12 '16 at 16:53
  • this should have quotes around $pwd to handle spaces in the path – ghostbust555 Jul 06 '16 at 15:13
  • @ghostbust555 is correct, single quotes are needed because this is not a variable reference but a variable expansion in a string. – Sander May 29 '17 at 11:10
  • @Sander: Indeed (thanks for the correction - I'd missed that a _string_ is being constructed). There's a tiny chance that this will break, however, given that filenames may contain `'` instances, so a fully robust solution would be: `"Set-Location '$($pwd -replace "'", "''")'"` – mklement0 Aug 08 '17 at 16:22
17

Update:

PowerShell [Core] 7.0 brings the following improvements:

  • Background jobs (as well as thread jobs and ForEach-Object -Parallel) now - sensibly - inherit the caller's current (filesystem) location.

  • A new -WorkingDirectory parameter allows you to specify a directory explicitly.

To summarize the problem (applies to Windows PowerShell and PowerShell Core 6.x)

  • A background job started with Start-Job does not inherit the current location (working directory).

    • It defaults to $HOME\Documents in Windows PowerShell, and $HOME in PowerShell Core.

    • If you're using PowerShell Core and you're targeting a file in the current directory, you can use the following, because the new ... & syntax by default runs the job in the current directory:
      emacs RandomFile.txt &

  • You cannot directly reference variables from the current session in a script block passed to Start-Job.

To complement jdmichal's own helpful answer and asavartsov's helpful answer, which still work well:

PSv3 introduced a simple way to reference the current session's variable values in a script block that is executed in a different context (as a background job or on a remote machine), via the $using: scope:

Start-Job { Set-Location $using:PWD; emacs RandomFile.txt }

Alternatively:

Start-Job { emacs $using:PWD/RandomFile.txt }

See about_Remote_Variables

Note:

  • This GitHub issue reports the surprising inability to use $using: in the script block passed to -InitializationScript, even though it works in the main script block (the implied -ScriptBlock parameter).
    • Start-Job -Init { Set-Location $using:PWD } { emacs RandomFile.txt } # FAILS
mklement0
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16

A possible solution would be to create a "kicker-script":

Start-Job -filepath .\emacs.ps1 -ArgumentList $workingdir, "RandomFile.txt"

Your script would look like this:

Set-Location $args[0]
emacs $args[1]

Hope this helps.

Filburt
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    This worked out really well. The -ArgumentList is exactly the kind of thing I was looking for. – jdmichal Feb 17 '10 at 18:49
  • Keep in mind that this will only work if `$workingdir` contains no spaces or other special characters. – DiscoInfiltrator Feb 05 '13 at 18:34
  • @DiscoInfiltrator: Passing just `$workingdir` works fine in PowerShell, even with embedded spaces and other shell metacharacters (you're probably thinking of POSIX-like shells); verify with `$dir = 'C:\Program Files\'; function foo() { set-location $args[0] }; foo $dir`. – mklement0 Dec 09 '16 at 06:50
  • @Filburt, why do you call it "kicker-script"? – Bowi Mar 28 '18 at 11:17
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    @Bowi That's really just personal naming thing - a script to kick off another script or executable. – Filburt Mar 28 '18 at 11:45
7

try this

Start-Job -inputobject $pwd -scriptblock { emacs "$input/RandomFile.txt" }

Here $input is predefined variable that internally take the value of -inputobject parameter

Smamatti
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Ritesh
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5

Start-Job is an overkill for what you need (running a command in the background). Use Start-Process instead:

Start-Process -NoNewWindow emacs RandomFile.txt

There are no issue with the current directory in this approach. I have also created a function to make this as simple as possible:

function bg() {Start-Process -NoNewWindow @args}

and then the invocation becomes:

bg emacs RandomFile.txt

This works on Windows 7 (Powershell v2).

Bogdan Calmac
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2

Just for completeness, here's the final script I implemented based on Filburt's answer, community-wiki style:

function Start-Emacs ( [string]$file )
{
    Start-Job -ArgumentList "$pwd\$file" { emacs $args[0] }
}
jdmichal
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