Like Patrick Steele said, subscribe is always called when you change the value of an observable. If you don't want to notify a particular subscriber you should check the condition in the subscriber.
If you want to update an observable without notifying any subscriber, you can have a look at Change observable but don't notify subscribers in knockout.js; here you'll find an observable extension which allows for the following:
this.name.sneakyUpdate("Ted");
A different solution would be to create a computed which contains the condition you want to check and then subscribe to that computed. If for example you'd only want to notify a subscriber only if an observable's value is higher than 5, you could do the following:
self.myObservableIsHigherThan5 = ko.computed(function() {
return self.yourObservable() > 5;
};
self.myObservableIsHigherThan5.subscribe(function() {
...
});