Play is build around the idea of handling short requests as fast as possible and therefor being able to keep the thread pool as small as possible. The main reasons for wanting a small pool are to keep resources consumption low instead of wasting.
Play and Java can happily run with a higher thread pool, like 100 or 1000 (although your server might not always support it, some Linux distributions for example have a fixed limit of threads per application per user), but it is recommended to analyze your problem and see if you really need that big pool.
In most situations, needing a big pool means that you have to many blocking threads and should look into Play's async features or that you have an action that tries to do to many things at once, that would perform better when chopped into smaller pieces.
If a request results in a long blocking thread on the server, this usually means it also results in a long, blocked interface on the users end.