git error: failed to push some refs to remote

Question

I can't push now, though I could do it yesterday.

When I use git push origin master, I get an error:

$ git remote -v
origin  https://github.com/REDACTED.git (fetch)
origin  https://github.com/REDACTED.git (push)

$ git push origin master
Username for 'https://github.com': REDACTED
Password for 'https://REDACTED@github.com':
To https://github.com/REDACTED.git
! [rejected]         master -> master (non-fast-forward)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/REDACTED.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind
hint: its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.
hint: 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.

What my working directory and remote repository looks like:

Answer 1

(Note: starting Oct. 2020, any new repository is created with the default branch main, not master. And you can rename existing repository default branch from master to main.
The rest of this 2014 answer has been updated to use "main")

(The following assumes github.com itself is not down, as eri0o points out in the comments: see www.githubstatus.com to be sure)

If the GitHub repo has seen new commits pushed to it, while you were working locally, I would advise using:

git pull --rebase
git push

The full syntax is:

git pull --rebase origin main
git push origin main

With Git 2.6+ (Sept. 2015), after having done (once)

git config --global pull.rebase true
git config --global rebase.autoStash true

A simple git pull would be enough.
(Note: with Git 2.27 Q2 2020, a merge.autostash is also available for your regular pull, without rebase)

That way, you would replay (the --rebase part) your local commits on top of the newly updated origin/main (or origin/yourBranch: git pull origin yourBranch).

See a more complete example in the chapter 6 Pull with rebase of the Git Pocket Book.

I would recommend a:

# add and commit first
#
git push -u origin main

# Or git 2.37 Q2 2022+
git config --global push.autoSetupRemote true
git push

That would establish a tracking relationship between your local main branch and its upstream branch.
After that, any future push for that branch can be done with a simple:

git push

Again, with Git 2.37+ and its global option push.autoSetupRemote, a simple git push even for the first one would do the same (I.e: establishing a tracking relationship between your local main branch and its upstream branch origin/main).

See "Why do I need to explicitly push a new branch?".

---

Since the OP already reset and redone its commit on top of origin/main:

git reset --mixed origin/main
git add .
git commit -m "This is a new commit for what I originally planned to be amended"
git push origin main

There is no need to pull --rebase.

Note: git reset --mixed origin/main can also be written git reset origin/main, since the --mixed option is the default one when using git reset.

Answer 2

Try:

git push -f origin master

That should solve the problem.

Based on @Mehdi‘s comment, a clarification about —force pushing: The Git command above works safely only for the first commit. If there were already commits, pull requests or branches in previous, this resets all of it and set it from zero. If so, please refer @VonC‘s detailed answer for a better solution.

Answer 3

If you just used git init and have added your files with git add . or something similar and have added your remote branch it might be that you just haven't committed (git commit -m 'commit message') anything locally to push to the remote... I just had this error and that was my issue.

Answer 4

I had the same problem. I was getting this problem because I had not made any commits, not even an initial commit and still I was trying to push.

Once I did git commit -m "your msg", everything worked fine.

Answer 5

It has worked for me with this combination of several command lines:

git reset 
git remote -v
git pull --rebase
git init
git add -A
git commit -m "Add your commit"
git branch -M main
git push origin main --force

Be careful. If they have a Readme file, the git reset deletes them.

Answer 6

Rename your branch and then push, e.g.:

git branch -m new-name
git push -u new-name

This worked for me.

Answer 7

1. git init

2. git remote add origin https://gitlab.com/crew-chief-systems/bot

3. git remote -v (for checking current repository)

4. git add -A(add all files)

5. git commit -m 'Added my project'

6. git pull --rebase origin master

7. git push origin master

Answer 8

I found the solution to this problem in GitHub help (Dealing with non-fast-forward errors):

You can fix this by fetching and merging the changes made on the remote branch with the changes that you have made locally:

$ git fetch origin
# Fetches updates made to an online repository
$ git merge origin branch
# Merges updates made online with your local work

Or, you can simply use git pull to perform both commands at once:

$ git pull origin branch
# Grabs online updates and merges them with your local work

Answer 9

I followed the following steps and it worked for me.

 rm -rf .git
 git init
 git add .
 git commit -m"first message"
 git remote add origin "LINK"
 git push -u origin master

Answer 10

I had faced the same problem and fixed it with the below steps.

1. git init

2. git add .

3. git commit -m 'Add your commit message'

4. git remote add origin https://User_name@bitbucket.org/User_name/sample.git

   (The above URL, https://User_name@bitbucket.org/User_name/sample.git, refers to your Bitbucket project URL)

5. git push -u origin master

Hint

Check if your GitHub account links with your local Git repository by using:

git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
git config --global user.name "Your Name"

Answer 11

If you were using git push origin master, change it to git push origin main and vice versa.

Answer 12

I got into this error today. The problem was that GitHub had an outage, and I could not push any changes, so before you start to mess up with the config, maybe check https://www.githubstatus.com.

remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (5/5), completed with 4 local objects.
remote: fatal error in commit_refs
To github.com:REDACTED.git
 ! [remote rejected] main -> main (failure)
error: failed to push some refs to 'github.com:REDACTED.git'

Answer 13

Remember to commit your changes before pushing to the GitHub repository. This might fix your problem.

Answer 14

I created an empty repository in GitHub and have my code locally. I faced the same issue now, as I followed the below sequence,

git init
git commit -m 'Initial Commit'
git remote add origin https://github.com/kavinraju/Repo-Name.git
git add .
git push -u origin master

The issue was: I tried to commit before staging the files I have.

So we need to stage the files and then commit.

This is the correct sequence.

git init
git add .
git commit -m 'Initial Commit'
git remote add origin https://github.com/kavinraju/Repo-Name.git
git push -u origin master

Since I executed the wrong sequence first, I just executed the below commands:

git add .
git commit -m 'Initial Commit'
git push -u origin master

Answer 15

Because maybe it has nothing to push (really, nothing to push). Do it like this:

git remote add origin https://github.com/donhuvy/accounting133.git
git remote -v
git add .
git commit -m"upload"
git push --set-upstream origin master

Change the remote repository's URL in your case. You can skip command git remote -v, just for checking.

Answer 16

I got this error because I tried to push without committing So tried

git add .

git commit -m "message"

git push -f

Then it worked well for me

Answer 17

If you are using Gerrit, this could be caused by an inappropriate Change-id in the commit. Try deleting the Change-Id and see what happens.

Answer 18

GitHub changed the default branch name from master to main. So if you created the repo recently, try pushing the main branch.

git push origin main

This is a common mistake beginners can make.

GitHub article Renaming the default branch from master.

Answer 19

Not committing initial changes before pushing also causes the problem.

Answer 20

Use:

git push origin {your_local_branch}:{your_remote_branch}

If your local branch and remote branch share the same name, then can you omit your local branch name. Just use git push {your_remote_branch}. Otherwise it will throw this error.

Answer 21

Try this Git command,

git push origin master –f
git push origin master --force

Answer 22

Before push, you have to add and commit the changes or do git push -f origin master.

Answer 23

Using a Git repository in Azure DevOps, the problem was a branch policy requiring that all changes to the branch must be made via a pull request (PR). Trying to push changes directly to the branch generated the error "failed to push some refs to ...".

I created a PR branch and pushed without problem.

Answer 24

Just run these two commands if you are deploying your site on GitHub pages for the first time.

git commit -m "initial commit"
git push origin +HEAD

Answer 25

In my case there was a problem with a Git pre-push hook.

Run git push --verbose to see if there are any errors.

Double check your Git hooks in the directory .git/hooks or move them temporarily to another place and see if everything works after that.

Answer 26

Due to the recent "replacing master with main in GitHub" action, you may notice that there is a refs/heads/main if you do git show-ref. As a result, the following command may change from

git push heroku master

to

git push heroku main

That will solve your issue.

Answer 27

In my case, it was my husky package that disallowed the push.

> husky - pre-push hook failed (add --no-verify to bypass)
> husky - to debug, use 'npm run prepush'
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://username@bitbucket.org/username/my-api.git'

To push it forcefully, just run git push origin master --no-verify

I ran npm run prepush to see debug the error, and this was the cause:

npm ERR! code ELOCKVERIFY
npm ERR! Errors were found in your npm-shrinkwrap.json, run  npm install  to fix them.
npm ERR!     Invalid: lock file's loopback-utils@0.8.3 does not satisfy loopback-utils@^0.9.0

Ran npm install and commit it, and the problem is fixed.

Answer 28

In my case, the branch name prefix was already present at remote, so basically if you have a branch name 'fix' you cannot push another branch with name 'fix/new_branch_name'.

Renaming the branch solved my problem.

Answer 29

The fact that GitHub changed master to main made me encounter this issue. So from now on, the solution to push to origin is:

git push -u origin main

Answer 30

These steps worked for me:

1. Switch to current branch & pull latest code

2. Rename local branch

   git branch -m [new-name]

3. Push local branch to server

   git push origin [new-name]

4. Remove branch from server

   git push origin --delete [old-name]

Answer 31

In my case these two lines solved the problem.

git add .
git commit -m "Changes"

Actually, I forgot to add and commit to my changes and was just trying to push it for the first time.

git init
git remote add origin https://github.com/anything/repo-name.git
git add .
git commit -m "Changes"
git branch -M main
git push -u origin main

Hope this helps!

Answer 32

If you are using git-with-ssh, one reason why it's not working is it maybe pointing to wrong ssh-private-key file or correct-file-wrong-private-key. If I remember correctly, I had recently added the ssh-private-key with some difficulty. So I cleared the sshe-agents by

ssh-add -D

Then everything worked!

Answer 33

Creating a new branch solved it for me:

git checkout -b <nameOfNewBranch>

As expected, there isn’t any need to merge since the previous branch was fully contained in the new one.

Answer 34

It may happen when you don't have any files. Try to create a text file, and then follow the following commands:

git add .
git commit -m "first commit"
git push --set-upstream origin master

Answer 35

For me the problem was I did not add the files before the commit.

git add .

git commit -m "your msg"

Answer 36

Do these:

git rm --cached *
git add .
git commit -m"upload"
git push --set-upstream origin master

Answer 37

Best use rm -rf .git/hooks and then try git push

Answer 38

I created a custom pre-push file, and I forgot to end it with exit 0.

That caused me to get this "failed to push some refs" error. I added exit 0 to the end of my pre-push hook and, of course, it works fine now.

Answer 39

Use

git push -f origin master

This one is write.

Answer 40

I am not sure if this applies, but the fix for me was to commit something locally after git init. Then I pushed to remote using --set-upstream.

Answer 41

If you are attempting to initialize a directory with an existing GitHub repository, you should ensure you are committing changes.

Try creating a file:

touch initial
git add initial
git commit -m "initial commit"
git push -u origin master

That will place a file named initial that you can delete later.

Answer 42

Unfortunately, I could not solve the problem with the other solutions, but my problem was that the branch name I wanted to push was not accepted by remote. I changed it to the correct format, and it was accepted.

It was test/testing_routes, and I needed to change it to testing_route in which the forward slash (/) is not allowed by remote.

You should ensure that the branch name format is correct.

Answer 43

This issue comes when the remote server has some extra commit which is not available in your working directory. Below is the solution to fix this issue.

1. To get the latest code from the remote server to local and then push, do

   git pull
   git push
   

2. Directly do the force push to the remote server.

   git push --force
   

If #1 will not work, then use the #2 option.

Use the below command to get all the options that are related to push:

git push --help

Answer 44

In my case I misspelled the name of the branch. Locally I did something like:

git push --set-upstream origin feture/my-feature

where my branch name was missing the a in feature. I corrected it to:

git push --set-upstream origin feature/my-feature

And everything worked fine.

Answer 45

In our case, retrying to push solved the problem. Probably a network slowness caused the issue.

Answer 46

In my case, I missed amending. I just needed to run git commit --amend and then push. It fixed the issue. It might help someone who has previously committed code.

Answer 47

I tried the 'git push origin main' and then got the message. Then I tried 'git push' alone, but it was not working.

I checked if I had committed to be sure (yes). I tried the 'pull' and then 'push' again, but nope.

And before starting some stunts, I just closed and opened a new terminal and then 'push' again and it worked :p

Answer 48

Check if your Internet connection is working fine and has got good speed.

I was trying to push with my 4G mobile hotspot and getting this error for nearly 10 minutes.

P.S. Here in India, we get 3G speed for a 4G network, so before doing something fancy; just see if there is reasonable speed available :)

Answer 49

I have also faced this issue when using the command.

git push -u origin main

So I cleared all cache of npm using npm cache clean --force and tried to push again. That's worked for me.

Answer 50

By following the documentation, you just need to pull and push it to your Github project.

git init -b main

git add . && git commit -m "Commit Here"

git remote add origin  <REMOTE_URL>

git remote -v

git pull origin main

git push origin main

Here are some of my solutions dealing with this kind of problems:

fatal: unable to access <REMOTE_URL>: The requested URL returned error: 400

git remote set-url origin <REMOTE_URL>

fatal: refusing to merge unrelated histories

git pull origin main --allow-unrelated-histories

error: pathspec did not match any file(s) known to git

git fetch origin <branch_name>

Answer 51

Steps to push :

git init
git add README.md      -------- or --------   git add .
git commit -m "first commit"
git remote add origin 'http github link'
git push -u origin main       ------ or -------    git push -f origin master

If branch is on main, hence:

git push -u origin main

for master :

git push -f origin master

Answer 52

My answer is not for this specific question but may help someone with the same error. If you are doing add . , commit and push on an empty directory, you will probably get the same error. After building the Github repository, run these codes in the local directory. The point is that you need to add/create a file and commit this change before pushing the repository to the remote.

echo "# something" >> README.md
git init
git add README.md
git commit -m "first commit"
git branch -M main
git remote add origin https://github.com/[address of your repository].git
git push -u origin main

Answer 53

The issue at times may be caused by a system outage on Github. Always check on the GitHub status page https://www.githubstatus.com/ to verify if all systems are operational.

Answer 54

git gc has worked for me.

Extra characters b/c 30 is the minimum.

Answer 55

You need to give some force

Just do push --force.

Answer 56

For Sourcetree users

First do an initial commit or make sure you don't have any uncommitted changes. Then at the side of Sourcetree there is a "REMOTES". Right-click on it, and then click 'Push to origin'. There you go.

Answer 57

In my case the problem was that (strangely) there was no branch called master. I took the repository from GitHub.

Answer 58

I was pushing an existing branch with a typo, 'evelop', which I did not have checked out yet, and instead, I wanted to push a branch called 'envelope'.

So the branch must exist and checked out at the local working copy in order to be able to be pushed, of course. Therefore the solution to that error is to not make a typo.

Answer 59

You will also get this error if you created an empty repo and forgot to use

git init

first before pushing your first commit.

Answer 60

is your push linked with your jira story. if yes check the jira work flow condtion. the admin may configure to allow only push only based on some work flow.

Answer 61

Try With

git status

It will show like this Your branch is based on 'origin/main', but the upstream is gone.

Then follow below steps

git branch --unset-upstream
git push --set-upstream origin main

Answer 62

For me I just had to checkout into another branch and then comeback, and then it worked, I could push with no issues.

Please try the simple things before using --force and such

Answer 63

In my case, I found out I was pushing the wrong branch name

The branch I'm pushing is release/2.2.1 but my branch name is release/2.2.l so I change it using this command git branch -m old-name new-name. Now it's working.

Answer 64

git error: failed to push some refs to also comes when the local repository name does match with the corresponding remote repository name. Make sure you are working on the correct pair of repository before you pull changes to remote repository.

In case you spell it incorrectly and you want to remove the local repository, use the following steps.

Remove the local repository on Windows:

1. del /F /S /Q /A .git
2. rmdir .git
3. Correct the local folder name (XXXX02->XXXX20) or if it is a newly created repo delete it and recreate the repo (XXXX02 Repo name changed to XXXX20).
4. git init
5. Remap with remote repo if it is not mapped.
6. git remote add origin https://github.com/<username>/XXXX20.git
7. git push -u origin master

Answer 65

Getting an error on git push -u origin main? Try this solution. It will work 100%.

git push origin master, change it to git push origin main

How to change Main?

git branch -M main