There is a similar question, but it is ambiguous, and the accepted answer suggests that the question is slightly different from mine.
How to find user defined functions not belonging to any extension such as PostGIS? Linked question's answer provided a query that returns most of the PostGIS functions (noise for my purpose) and I didn't understand it well enough to change it to return only my functions (lack of detailed explanation why it works the way it does and how to change the settings).
Right now I have no C functions and all my functions are in schema public - you can use this fact, but make it clear how to release these constraints. If exact list of extensions is important, assume just PostGIS for now, but explain how to add others to the list if it is not self-evident from the code.