If we do check the assembly of the code you have you may see the difference
program
int main()
{
int x,y;
for(x=0,y=0;x<4,y<5;x++,y++);
printf("New one");
for(x=0,y=0;x<4 && y<5;x++,y++);
}
command to get assembly : gcc -S <program name>
Assembly
.file "for1.c"
.section .rodata
.LC0:
.string "New one"
.text
.globl main
.type main, @function
main:
.LFB0:
.cfi_startproc
pushl %ebp
.cfi_def_cfa_offset 8
.cfi_offset 5, -8
movl %esp, %ebp
.cfi_def_cfa_register 5
andl $-16, %esp
subl $32, %esp
movl $0, 24(%esp)
movl $0, 28(%esp)
jmp .L2
.L3:
addl $1, 24(%esp)
addl $1, 28(%esp)
.L2:
cmpl $4, 28(%esp) //Here only one condition
jle .L3
movl $.LC0, (%esp)
call printf
movl $0, 24(%esp)
movl $0, 28(%esp)
jmp .L4
.L6:
addl $1, 24(%esp)
addl $1, 28(%esp)
.L4:
cmpl $3, 24(%esp) //First Condition
jg .L7
cmpl $4, 28(%esp) //Second Condition
jle .L6
.L7:
leave
.cfi_restore 5
.cfi_def_cfa 4, 4
ret
.cfi_endproc
.LFE0:
.size main, .-main
.ident "GCC: (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) 4.6.3"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
So, it is clear if we have 2 condition then it will be more time taking.