Accessing the -1 element of an array in c

Question

I have an array of structs, which is dynamically allocated. A pointer to this array is passed around to other functions.

struct body{
    char* name; 
    double mass; 
    // ... some more stuff
    };

 body *bodies = malloc(Number_of_bodies*sizeof(body));

I need to know the size of the array, so I'm storing the size in one of the structs, which is in the 0th element of the array (the first struct).

bodies[0].mass = (double)Number_of_bodies;

I then return from the function a pointer to the 1st element of the array i.e bodies[1]

  return (bodies+1);

Now, when I use this pointer in other functions, the data should start at the 0th element.

  body *new_bodies = (bodies+1);     //Just trying to show what happens effectively when i pass to another function
  new_bodies[0] = *(bodies+1);       //I Think

If I want to see the initial struct, which was at bodies[0], does that mean in other functions I have to access new_bodies[-1] ?

Is this something I can do? How can I access the initial struct?

Closely related to [Negative array indexes in C?](http://stackoverflow.com/q/3473675/1708801) — Shafik Yaghmour, Nov 12 '14 at 16:16

score 11 · Accepted Answer · edited May 23 '17 at 12:20

Yes, you can use new_bodies[-1] to access the initial element of the array. This is perfectly legal.

The reason behind this is pointer arithmetic: square brackets is another way of writing +, so when you write new_bodies[-1] it is the same as *(new_bodies-1).

Since new_bodies has been obtained as bodies+1, new_bodies-1 is (bodies+1)-1, or bodies, making new_bodies[-1] identical to bodies[0].

Note: It looks like you are trying to shoehorn the number of elements into the initial element of the array of your structs, re-purposing the mass field for it. This will work, but it is suboptimal, both in terms of memory allocation (a pointer name remains unused) but most importantly in terms of readability. You would be a lot better off using a flexible array member in a struct that stores the number of entries explicitly:

struct body {
    char* name; 
    double mass; 
    // ... some more stuff
};
struct bodies {
    size_t count;
    body bodies[]; // <<== Flexible array member
};
...
bodies *bb = malloc(sizeof(bodies)+Number_of_bodies*sizeof(body));
bb->count = Number_of_bodies;

Here is a link to another Q&A with an example of working with flexible array members.

That's Exactly what I was trying to do! This is a great solution. Thanks very much! — Rohan, Nov 12 '14 at 16:29

Accessing the -1 element of an array in c

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