I really want to know how web servers convert URL UTF-8 encoded characters to unicode.How do they solve problems such as duplicate URL encoding and non-shortest form utf-8 codes conversion such that explained here.
for example: http://www.example.com/dir1/index.html?name=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7
to http://www.example.com/dir1/index.html?name=الاسما
I wrote a c++ program that does this conversion but in general I want to know how web servers like apache or nginx do this.