error: linking with `cc` failed: exit code: 1

Question

I have a single .rs file. When I compile it by rustc test1.rs, I get an error:

    error: linking with `cc` failed: exit code: 1
note: cc '-m64' '-L' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib' '-o' 'test1' 'test1.o' '-Wl,-force_load,/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libmorestack.a' '-Wl,-dead_strip' '-nodefaultlibs' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libstd-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libcollections-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libunicode-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/librand-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/liballoc-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/liblibc-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libcore-4e7c5e5c.rlib' '-L' '/usr/local/Cellar/rust/1.0.0-alpha/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib' '-L' '/Users/alex/Documents/projects/rust/.rust/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin' '-L' '/Users/alex/Documents/projects/rust/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin' '-lSystem' '-lpthread' '-lc' '-lm' '-lcompiler-rt'
note: ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/Users/alex/Documents/projects/rust/.rust/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin'
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/Users/alex/Documents/projects/rust/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin'
ld: can't open output file for writing: test1, errno=21 for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

error: aborting due to previous error


$ rustc --version
rustc 1.0.0-dev

I've seen some topic related to this one but none of them helped me to solve the problem.

No idea why this worked--I got this to go away by updating Rust — Leo Ware, Jun 25 '23 at 20:26

DenisKolodin · Answer 1 · 2021-02-02T17:38:55.443

61

I was faced with three problems on Mac compiling Rust:

First: If you have any issue with writing files/dirs by ld just remove that files and try to recompile. I don't know why, but on Mac this issue happens time to time.

Second: If you have other ld errors (not about file access): try to add the following sections to your ~/.cargo/config (if you don't have this file feel free to create):

[target.x86_64-apple-darwin]
rustflags = [
  "-C", "link-arg=-undefined",
  "-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup",
]

[target.aarch64-apple-darwin]
rustflags = [
  "-C", "link-arg=-undefined",
  "-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup",
]

Third: Sometimes your Mac lack of some dev tools/dependencies. Install the most important of them automatically with the command:

xcode-select --install

edited Feb 02 '21 at 17:38

answered Jan 13 '21 at 09:08

DenisKolodin

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Whenever you update the Mac with the new major mac release, usually the XCODE toolchain gets outdated that's the root cause of getting this error. Reinstalling the latest Xcode most of the time fixed the issue. – initvik Feb 13 '21 at 03:09
7

The cargo config was the missing piece for me. Thank you! – dcchuck Apr 17 '21 at 15:07
4

thank you so much @denis. This saved me a ton of hours. Cargo config is the deal here – Steven Sep 12 '21 at 11:42
4

Cargo config solved my error, thank you! – stereo Oct 28 '21 at 22:26
2

The config worked for me too! – tibbon Jan 14 '22 at 04:08
1

Option third solved my problem. I tried the first option, there it showed problem with xcode. Then tried 3 option – Srinivas Valekar Mar 08 '22 at 12:25
1

The config worked for me. thanksss alot – Fariha Abbasi May 05 '23 at 11:08
what should be the extension of carg/config file – Aditya Yadav May 18 '23 at 07:00
no extension needed, `.cargo/config` – DenisKolodin May 18 '23 at 07:37
1

Thank you @DenisKolodin ! You also saved me many hours, changing `.cargo/config` also worked for me <3 <3 – dcxst Jun 28 '23 at 15:38

score 9 · Answer 2 · edited Jul 12 '23 at 16:34

9

If you have note: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lsqlite3

then install libsqlite3-dev: $ sudo apt install libsqlite3-dev

This works on Rust 1.53.0, Linux Mint 20.2(based on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS)

edited Jul 12 '23 at 16:34

Günter Zöchbauer

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answered Jul 12 '21 at 07:48

Russo

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This is not just specific to sqlite3. In general, if you have a compilation error ending with somthing like `**note** /usr/bin/ld cannot find -l` refer to the solutions here - https://stackoverflow.com/q/16710047/11565176 .In my case I was missing the library all together and so this answer helped me - https://stackoverflow.com/a/42339395/11565176 – nsrCodes Nov 22 '21 at 15:39
If you are having this error on a linus or wsl2 ubuntu, this works fine. I had the error when trying to install sqlite with diesel – Kelvin Ukuejubola Oritsetimeyi Jun 08 '23 at 04:16

Pat · Answer 3 · 2021-09-06T07:57:46.593

If you have a MacBook M1(x) with ARM processor you need to install rust from rustup https://sourabhbajaj.com/mac-setup/Rust/

When you run rustup-init, use the customize option to change aarch64-apple-darwin to x86_64-apple-darwin

Then you can add the following to .cargo/config.toml or .cargo/config (either is fine)

[target.x86_64-apple-darwin]
rustflags = [
  "-C", "link-arg=-undefined",
  "-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup",
]

This solution was tested with Rust 1.54 and MacBook M1

I was able to do a cargo build --release and generate a dylib file from this tutorial https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqLD22sIYMo

This is what worked for me on my M1. – program247365 Aug 28 '22 at 16:45 — program247365, Aug 28 '22 at 16:45

score 6 · Accepted Answer · answered Jan 24 '15 at 10:27

6

From your command rustc test1.rs the compiler infers the name of the executable should be test1. The linker tries to open this file so it can write the executable but fails with errno=21 whose stringified version is "Is a directory".

This suggests you have a directory in your working directory called test1 which is causing a conflict.

answered Jan 24 '15 at 10:27

DrYap

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Spot on. I had a very similar problem, and this answer was helpful in narrowing down the error message. – Alex Aug 03 '20 at 14:08

score 5 · Answer 5 · answered Oct 30 '22 at 18:12

5

My rust project stopped building after updating my MacOS so this command fixed it for me

xcode-select --install

answered Oct 30 '22 at 18:12

syned

2,201
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score 1 · Answer 6 · answered Feb 03 '23 at 14:39

I had the same issue recently and I found out this solution that worked for me:

https://www.docker.com/blog/cross-compiling-rust-code-for-multiple-architectures/

On Running Rust on aarch64 I found out that libc6-dev-arm64-cross is need in order to compile rust successfully on aarch64.

score 0 · Answer 7 · answered Sep 03 '23 at 07:00

0

In my case, I'm on a ubuntu22.04, I got error like following

error: linking with `cc` failed: exit status: 1
...
note: /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpython3.10: No such file or directory

I solved it by sudo apt install python3.10-dev

answered Sep 03 '23 at 07:00

YugoAmaryl

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error: linking with `cc` failed: exit code: 1

7 Answers7

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