See the documentation on the full-text search support in mysql:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/fulltext-search.html
You will want to apply full text indexes to columns in order to support full text search on those columns. Note that mysql only supports full-text indexing on MyISAM tables.
As an example, and just in case the above link goes dead at some point, see a full example, from the documentation:
mysql> CREATE TABLE articles (
-> id INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-> title VARCHAR(200),
-> body TEXT,
-> FULLTEXT (title,body)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO articles (title,body) VALUES
-> ('MySQL Tutorial','DBMS stands for DataBase ...'),
-> ('How To Use MySQL Well','After you went through a ...'),
-> ('Optimizing MySQL','In this tutorial we will show ...'),
-> ('1001 MySQL Tricks','1. Never run mysqld as root. 2. ...'),
-> ('MySQL vs. YourSQL','In the following database comparison ...'),
-> ('MySQL Security','When configured properly, MySQL ...');
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 6 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> SELECT * FROM articles
-> WHERE MATCH (title,body)
-> AGAINST ('database' IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE);
+----+-------------------+------------------------------------------+
| id | title | body |
+----+-------------------+------------------------------------------+
| 5 | MySQL vs. YourSQL | In the following database comparison ... |
| 1 | MySQL Tutorial | DBMS stands for DataBase ... |
+----+-------------------+------------------------------------------+
Ref http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/fulltext-natural-language.html