Ian Bull has a good writeup:
"You can choose ‘bundle pool‘, to share Eclipse plugins between installations. This means that if you install another package, all the common bits will be shared."
Also, Eike Stepper says:
Oomph's underlying infrastructure supports bundle pooling for all aspects of the installation (and, optionally, even of the target platform), i.e., when installing multiple products using Oomph or when provisioning multiple target platforms, the installations and target platforms can share all the common bundles and will download each bundle only once. This dramatically reduces disk space as well as speeding up installation and target platform provisioning time. Of course one can disable bundle pooling to produce an installation exactly like you get with an unzipped package download. You can also see there is a dialog to manage the bundle pools.