What you are trying to achieve, turns your device into a server.
A server side language is meant to stay on the server.
I don't really see why you need to open a localhost socket on the device to communicate with itself. Is it for offline testing? You can do that since you have a computer and a device, and both are connected to the same network.
I believe a really good start would be understanding the concept of the Client-Server architecture first.
But in short, the proper way of implementing a Client-Server app using your chosen technologies would be:
A server should provide the client with answers to his requests.
So in Node.js (server-side), write whatever you want to communicate with your database (Create, Read, Update, Delete), do custom processing, etc...
and return a structured answer.
The client is expecting answers to his requests, and is supposed to handle the answers in code. So the program written in AngularJS (which is your client-side language) will be installed on devices.
The client has to know the format of the server's answer. Is it plain text? XML? JSON? ...