Yes, I've read this Q/A (Visual Studio 2010 says Build failed with no errors after I change a source file) and no it didn't help.
Same basic problem though, except I'm using VS2013 on Windows 8.1.
Any time I get latest from source control, or add a file to the project, the build fails and I have ZERO errors. It doesn't matter which solution I'm in (I have multiple projects at work) they all act the same way.
If I restart VS, the problem goes away until the next time I get latest or add a file to a project.
I've tried deleting the .suo files, deleting the bin folder, moving the project. No Bueno.