If document.write is called after the onload event for the document it needs to re-open the document - effectively truncating it. While you can explicitly call document.write() inline (either with javascript directly embedded in the page or with a tag which does not use defer/async) this is considered bad practice as it blocks all the other processing of the page.
You can inject elements by constructing them in Javascript personally I prefer to set the innerHTML of an existing placeholder to an HTML fragment:
<div id='placeholder/></div>
...
document.getElementById('placeholder').innerHTML="<h2>hello world!</h2>";
(using createElement becomes messy and slow when creating/injecting complex HTML)