In short you can't do this, at least not in the way you were expecting. For security reasons there's a same-origin policy in place that prevents you from making requests to another domain.
Your best option is to do this on your server and make the request to it. I can't speak as to how you'd do this on the server since your question doesn't include which framework you're on, but let's say it's PHP, then you'd have that page take a URL, or something you can generate the URL from, then return a JSON object containing the properties you listed. The jQuery part would look something like this:
$("a").click(function() {
$.ajax({
url: 'myPage.php',
data: { url: $(this).attr("href") },
dataType: 'json',
success: function(data) {
//use the properties, data.url, data.content, data.title, etc...
}
});
});
Or, the short form using $.getJSON()
...
$.getJSON('myPage.php', { url: $(this).attr("href") }, function(data) {
//use the properties, data.url, data.content, data.title, etc...
});
All the above not withstanding, you're better off sending the URL to your server and doing this completely server-side, it'll be less work. If you're aiming to view the client's page as they would see it...well this is exactly what the same-origin policy is in place to prevent, e.g. what if instead of an article it was their online banking? You can see why this is prohibited :)