Attach a document in mail using java

Question

I am trying to attach a document file to mail using java. The document to be attached want to select from the user through browse button.

I tried the below coding..

<form action="emailservlet" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  Profile  :  <input type="file" name="filename"/><br/>     
    <input type="submit" value="submit">            
</form>

And in servlet

      File path=new File(fil);
      fil=path.getAbsolutePath();
      messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
      DataSource source = new FileDataSource(fil);
      messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
      messageBodyPart.setFileName(fil);
      multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);

But the filenotfound exception is thrown,please help me to rectify this problem...

Thanks in advance...

Answer 1

You can do it as:

messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body");
messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
String filename = "/home/file.txt";
DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename);
messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source));
messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename);
multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);
message.setContent(multipart);

Then send the message using Transport object as:

Transport.send(message);

And, all you need is to update the file path, as you are sending file from client side you can map it directly based on technology servlets/struts2 you were using.

Answer 2

As you are using the servlet as server side technology then following will be full example to send email with file attachment using servlet.

1.)Create following Java class with name EmailUtility.java

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.Multipart;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.AddressException;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;

/**
 * A utility class for sending e-mail message with attachment.
 * @author www.codejava.net
 *
 */
public class EmailUtility {

    /**
     * Sends an e-mail message from a SMTP host with a list of attached files.
     *
     */
    public static void sendEmailWithAttachment(String host, String port,
            final String userName, final String password, String toAddress,
            String subject, String message, List<File> attachedFiles)
                    throws AddressException, MessagingException {
        // sets SMTP server properties
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put("mail.smtp.host", host);
        properties.put("mail.smtp.port", port);
        properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");
        properties.put("mail.user", userName);
        properties.put("mail.password", password);

        // creates a new session with an authenticator
        Authenticator auth = new Authenticator() {
            public PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                return new PasswordAuthentication(userName, password);
            }
        };
        Session session = Session.getInstance(properties, auth);

        // creates a new e-mail message
        Message msg = new MimeMessage(session);

        msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(userName));
        InternetAddress[] toAddresses = { new InternetAddress(toAddress) };
        msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, toAddresses);
        msg.setSubject(subject);
        msg.setSentDate(new Date());

        // creates message part
        MimeBodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
        messageBodyPart.setContent(message, "text/html");

        // creates multi-part
        Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
        multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart);

        // adds attachments
        if (attachedFiles != null && attachedFiles.size() > 0) {
            for (File aFile : attachedFiles) {
                MimeBodyPart attachPart = new MimeBodyPart();

                try {
                    attachPart.attachFile(aFile);
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }

                multipart.addBodyPart(attachPart);
            }
        }

        // sets the multi-part as e-mail's content
        msg.setContent(multipart);

        // sends the e-mail
        Transport.send(msg);
    }
}

2.) Create following form in your jsp page

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Send an e-mail with attachment</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="SendMailAttachServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <table border="0" width="60%" align="center">
            <caption><h2>Send New E-mail</h2></caption>
            <tr>
                <td width="50%">Recipient address </td>
                <td><input type="text" name="recipient" size="50"/></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Subject </td>
                <td><input type="text" name="subject" size="50"/></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Content </td>
                <td><textarea rows="10" cols="39" name="content"></textarea> </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Attach file </td>
                <td><input type="file" name="file" size="50" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="Send"/></td>
            </tr>
        </table> 
    </form>
</body>
</html>

Note that the tag must have attribute enctype="multipart/form-data". If we want to have more attachments we can duplicate the tag.

3.) create following servlet class with name SendMailAttachServlet

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.MultipartConfig;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Part;

/**
 * A servlet that takes message details from user and send it as a new e-mail
 * through an SMTP server. The e-mail message may contain attachments which
 * are the files uploaded from client.
 *
 * @author www.codejava.net
 *
 */
@WebServlet("/SendMailAttachServlet")
@MultipartConfig(fileSizeThreshold = 1024 * 1024 * 2,   // 2MB
                maxFileSize = 1024 * 1024 * 10,         // 10MB
                maxRequestSize = 1024 * 1024 * 50)      // 50MB
public class SendMailAttachServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private String host;
    private String port;
    private String user;
    private String pass;

    public void init() {
        // reads SMTP server setting from web.xml file
        ServletContext context = getServletContext();
        host = context.getInitParameter("host");
        port = context.getInitParameter("port");
        user = context.getInitParameter("user");
        pass = context.getInitParameter("pass");
    }

    /**
     * handles form submission
     */
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        List<File> uploadedFiles = saveUploadedFiles(request);

        String recipient = request.getParameter("recipient");
        String subject = request.getParameter("subject");
        String content = request.getParameter("content");

        String resultMessage = "";

        try {
            EmailUtility.sendEmailWithAttachment(host, port, user, pass,
                    recipient, subject, content, uploadedFiles);

            resultMessage = "The e-mail was sent successfully";
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
            resultMessage = "There were an error: " + ex.getMessage();
        } finally {
            deleteUploadFiles(uploadedFiles);
            request.setAttribute("message", resultMessage);
            getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/Result.jsp").forward(
                    request, response);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Saves files uploaded from the client and return a list of these files
     * which will be attached to the e-mail message.
     */
    private List<File> saveUploadedFiles(HttpServletRequest request)
            throws IllegalStateException, IOException, ServletException {
        List<File> listFiles = new ArrayList<File>();
        byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
        int bytesRead = -1;
        Collection<Part> multiparts = request.getParts();
        if (multiparts.size() > 0) {
            for (Part part : request.getParts()) {
                // creates a file to be saved
                String fileName = extractFileName(part);
                if (fileName == null || fileName.equals("")) {
                    // not attachment part, continue
                    continue;
                }

                File saveFile = new File(fileName);
                System.out.println("saveFile: " + saveFile.getAbsolutePath());
                FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(saveFile);

                // saves uploaded file
                InputStream inputStream = part.getInputStream();
                while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                    outputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                }
                outputStream.close();
                inputStream.close();

                listFiles.add(saveFile);
            }
        }
        return listFiles;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves file name of a upload part from its HTTP header
     */
    private String extractFileName(Part part) {
        String contentDisp = part.getHeader("content-disposition");
        String[] items = contentDisp.split(";");
        for (String s : items) {
            if (s.trim().startsWith("filename")) {
                return s.substring(s.indexOf("=") + 2, s.length() - 1);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Deletes all uploaded files, should be called after the e-mail was sent.
     */
    private void deleteUploadFiles(List<File> listFiles) {
        if (listFiles != null && listFiles.size() > 0) {
            for (File aFile : listFiles) {
                aFile.delete();
            }
        }
    }
}

4.) Configure the SMTP server using web.xml configuration

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    <display-name>EmailAttachWebApp</display-name>

    <!-- SMTP settings -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>host</param-name>
        <param-value>smtp.gmail.com</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>port</param-name>
        <param-value>25</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>port</param-name>
        <param-value>587</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>user</param-name>
        <param-value>YOUR_EMAIL</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>pass</param-name>
        <param-value>YOUR_PASS</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>EmailForm.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

Hope it may help you.!!