Linker Error: LNK2019 being generated in statically linked project

Question

So, my team has been trying to implement our own shared_ptr implementation so we can successfully test our game project in debug mode (VS2013) again. However, we are running into the following error list

10>GameLogic.lib(GameLevel.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class LevelRuleset>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VLevelRuleset@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall GameLevel::GameLevelUpdate(float)" (?GameLevelUpdate@GameLevel@@QAEXM@Z)
10>Graphics.lib(AntTweakSys.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class LevelRuleset>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VLevelRuleset@@@@QBE_NXZ)
10>GameLogic.lib(GameLogicBehaviors.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "class Handle<class Component> __cdecl static_handle_cast<class Component,class ScaleBehavior>(class Handle<class ScaleBehavior> const &)" (??$static_handle_cast@VComponent@@VScaleBehavior@@@@YA?AV?$Handle@VComponent@@@@ABV?$Handle@VScaleBehavior@@@@@Z) referenced in function "public: void __thiscall GameLogic::AddGrowShrinkPlayer(unsigned long)" (?AddGrowShrinkPlayer@GameLogic@@QAEXK@Z)
10>Graphics.lib(Graphics.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Camera>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VCamera@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "private: void __thiscall GraphicsSystem::LoadGeneratedObjects(void)" (?LoadGeneratedObjects@GraphicsSystem@@AAEXXZ)
10>Graphics.lib(AntTweakSys.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Camera>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VCamera@@@@QBE_NXZ)
10>Graphics.lib(DX11.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Camera>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VCamera@@@@QBE_NXZ)
10>Graphics.lib(Graphics.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Debug>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VDebug@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "private: void __thiscall GraphicsSystem::LoadGeneratedObjects(void)" (?LoadGeneratedObjects@GraphicsSystem@@AAEXXZ)
10>Graphics.lib(AntTweakSys.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Debug>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VDebug@@@@QBE_NXZ)
10>Graphics.lib(GFXMessageHandler.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Debug>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VDebug@@@@QBE_NXZ)
10>Graphics.lib(AntTweakSys.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Group>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VGroup@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "private: static void __stdcall AntTweakSystem::AddObjectBar(void *)" (?AddObjectBar@AntTweakSystem@@CGXPAX@Z)
10>Graphics.lib(AntTweakSys.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class RigidBody>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VRigidBody@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "private: static void __stdcall AntTweakSystem::AddObjectBar(void *)" (?AddObjectBar@AntTweakSystem@@CGXPAX@Z)
10>Graphics.lib(DX11.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class RigidBody>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VRigidBody@@@@QBE_NXZ)
10>Physics.lib(Physics.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class RigidBody>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VRigidBody@@@@QBE_NXZ)
10>Graphics.lib(AntTweakSys.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Collider>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VCollider@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "private: static void __stdcall AntTweakSystem::AddObjectBar(void *)" (?AddObjectBar@AntTweakSystem@@CGXPAX@Z)
10>Graphics.lib(DX11.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Collider>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VCollider@@@@QBE_NXZ)
10>Physics.lib(Physics.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Collider>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VCollider@@@@QBE_NXZ)
10>Graphics.lib(AntTweakSys.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Controller>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VController@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "private: static void __stdcall AntTweakSystem::AddObjectBar(void *)" (?AddObjectBar@AntTweakSystem@@CGXPAX@Z)
10>Graphics.lib(AntTweakSys.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Spawner>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VSpawner@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "private: static void __stdcall AntTweakSystem::AddObjectBar(void *)" (?AddObjectBar@AntTweakSystem@@CGXPAX@Z)
10>Graphics.lib(AntTweakSys.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class PlayerStats>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VPlayerStats@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "private: static void __stdcall AntTweakSystem::AddObjectBar(void *)" (?AddObjectBar@AntTweakSystem@@CGXPAX@Z)
10>Graphics.lib(AntTweakSys.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Gun>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VGun@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "private: static void __stdcall AntTweakSystem::AddObjectBar(void *)" (?AddObjectBar@AntTweakSystem@@CGXPAX@Z)
10>Graphics.lib(AntTweakSys.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Owner>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VOwner@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "private: static void __stdcall AntTweakSystem::AddObjectBar(void *)" (?AddObjectBar@AntTweakSystem@@CGXPAX@Z)
10>Graphics.lib(AntTweakSys.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class StatModifier>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VStatModifier@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "private: static void __stdcall AntTweakSystem::AddObjectBar(void *)" (?AddObjectBar@AntTweakSystem@@CGXPAX@Z)
10>Graphics.lib(AntTweakSys.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class LifeTime>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VLifeTime@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "private: static void __stdcall AntTweakSystem::AddObjectBar(void *)" (?AddObjectBar@AntTweakSystem@@CGXPAX@Z)
10>Input.lib(Input.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_GetError referenced in function "public: virtual void __thiscall InputSystem::Initialize(void)" (?Initialize@InputSystem@@UAEXXZ)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _SDL_GetError
10>Input.lib(Input.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_PollEvent referenced in function "private: void __thiscall InputSystem::HandleEvents(void)" (?HandleEvents@InputSystem@@AAEXXZ)
10>Input.lib(Input.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_EventState referenced in function "private: void __thiscall InputSystem::HandleEvents(void)" (?HandleEvents@InputSystem@@AAEXXZ)
10>Input.lib(Input.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_Init referenced in function "public: virtual void __thiscall InputSystem::Initialize(void)" (?Initialize@InputSystem@@UAEXXZ)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _SDL_Init
10>Input.lib(Input.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_QuitSubSystem referenced in function "public: virtual int __thiscall InputSystem::Release(void)" (?Release@InputSystem@@UAEHXZ)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _SDL_QuitSubSystem
10>Input.lib(Input.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Handle<class Component>::operator bool(void)const " (??B?$Handle@VComponent@@@@QBE_NXZ) referenced in function "private: void __thiscall InputSystem::HandleMessage(void)" (?HandleMessage@InputSystem@@AAEXXZ)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_RWFromFile referenced in function "public: virtual void __thiscall WindowSystem::Initialize(void)" (?Initialize@WindowSystem@@UAEXXZ)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_MapRGB referenced in function "public: virtual void __thiscall WindowSystem::Initialize(void)" (?Initialize@WindowSystem@@UAEXXZ)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_FreeSurface referenced in function "public: virtual void __thiscall WindowSystem::Initialize(void)" (?Initialize@WindowSystem@@UAEXXZ)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_LoadBMP_RW referenced in function "public: virtual void __thiscall WindowSystem::Initialize(void)" (?Initialize@WindowSystem@@UAEXXZ)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_FillRect referenced in function "public: virtual void __thiscall WindowSystem::Initialize(void)" (?Initialize@WindowSystem@@UAEXXZ)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_CreateWindow referenced in function "public: virtual void __thiscall WindowSystem::Initialize(void)" (?Initialize@WindowSystem@@UAEXXZ)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_SetWindowIcon referenced in function "public: virtual void __thiscall WindowSystem::Initialize(void)" (?Initialize@WindowSystem@@UAEXXZ)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_GetWindowSize referenced in function "public: virtual void __thiscall WindowSystem::TransmitMessage(class std::shared_ptr<class Message>)" (?TransmitMessage@WindowSystem@@UAEXV?$shared_ptr@VMessage@@@std@@@Z)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_MinimizeWindow referenced in function "public: virtual void __thiscall WindowSystem::TransmitMessage(class std::shared_ptr<class Message>)" (?TransmitMessage@WindowSystem@@UAEXV?$shared_ptr@VMessage@@@std@@@Z)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_GetWindowSurface referenced in function "public: virtual void __thiscall WindowSystem::Initialize(void)" (?Initialize@WindowSystem@@UAEXXZ)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_DestroyWindow referenced in function "public: virtual int __thiscall WindowSystem::Release(void)" (?Release@WindowSystem@@UAEHXZ)
10>Windows.lib(Windows.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _SDL_ShowSimpleMessageBox referenced in function "private: void __thiscall WindowSystem::ErrorPopUp(class std::shared_ptr<class ErrorMessage> const &)" (?ErrorPopUp@WindowSystem@@AAEXABV?$shared_ptr@VErrorMessage@@@std@@@Z)
10>A:\Mercurial\CodeFish\Build\AntTweakDebugWin32\Game.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 32 unresolved externals

The main issue we're worried with at the moment is the LNK2019 for the operator bool within the Handle class. For reference, here is the class in its entirety:

template <class TYPE>
class Handle;

template <class TYPE_TO_CAST_TO, class TYPE_TO_CAST_FROM>
Handle<TYPE_TO_CAST_TO> static_handle_cast(Handle<TYPE_TO_CAST_FROM> const& subject);

template <class TYPE>
class Handle : public HandleRegistrar
{
  // friend all Handles so that we may convert them
  template<class U> friend class Handle;
  template<class T, class U> friend Handle<T> static_handle_cast(Handle<U> const& subject);

  private:
    bool m_weak;
    int* m_ref_count;
    TYPE** m_ptr;

  public:
    void destruct(void);
    int use_count(void) const;
    bool expired(void) const;
    void swap(Handle<TYPE>& rhs);
    TYPE* get(void);
    TYPE* get(void) const;
    template<typename TYPE2> Handle<TYPE>& operator=(const Handle<TYPE2>& rhs);
    Handle<TYPE>& operator=(const Handle<TYPE>& rhs);
    template<typename TYPE2> Handle<TYPE>& operator=(TYPE2* rhs);
    TYPE* operator->(void);
    TYPE* operator->(void) const;
    TYPE& operator*(void);
    TYPE& operator*(void) const;
    bool operator==(const Handle<TYPE>& rhs);
    void operator%(Handle<TYPE>& rhs);
    operator bool(void) const;

  public:
    ~Handle(void);
    Handle(const Handle<TYPE>& rhs, bool weak = false);
    template<typename TYPE2> Handle(const Handle<TYPE2>& rhs, bool weak = false);
    Handle(TYPE& object_to_point_at, bool weak = false);
    Handle(TYPE*&& pointer_to_object, bool weak = false);
    Handle(void);
 };

We do not have any implementation in .cpp files for the Handle class, it is entirely implemented in the header. I've been looking for a solution to this problem for awhile now, and looked through so many LNK2019 articles on SO hoping to find anything about this issue... Any assistance or insight into what could be happening is appreciated. Our game project has a lot of stuff going on in it, so if more information is needed, I will provide it.

Things about the project:
-Statically linked, code is spread across 11 libraries.
-Precompiled headers are used.

possible duplicate of [What is an undefined reference/unresolved external symbol error and how do I fix it?](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12573816/what-is-an-undefined-reference-unresolved-external-symbol-error-and-how-do-i-fix) — Ken White, May 26 '15 at 19:17
Well, if it is a duplicate, it's because I'm not sure _which_ of the possible explanations within that article are the explanation here. — Blake A. L. Richardson, May 26 '15 at 19:19
Have you actually implemented `operator bool()`? The fact that all errors are about this function and nothing else suggests you might have forgotten to. — Igor Tandetnik, May 27 '15 at 00:54
Yeah, I implemented it further down in the header file. `template Handle::operator bool(void) const { bool return_value = expired(); return return_value; }` — Blake A. L. Richardson, May 27 '15 at 06:05

Linker Error: LNK2019 being generated in statically linked project

0 Answers0