What do [] brackets in a for loop in python mean?

Question

I'm parsing JSON objects and found this sample line of code which I kind of understand but would appreciate a more detailed explanation of:

for record in [x for x in records.split("\n") if x.strip() != '']:

I know it is spliting records to get individual records by the new line character however I was wondering why it looks so complicated? is it a case that we can't have something like this:

for record in records.split("\n") if x.strip() != '']:

So what do the brackets do []? and why do we have x twice in x for x in records.split....

Thanks

It's a list comprehension, see related: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16341775/what-is-the-advantage-of-a-list-comprehension-vs-for-loop — EdChum, Jun 05 '15 at 15:26
EdChum is right (duh); note that it doesn't have to do with loops in particular. This notation is a terse way to create lists. A loop can iterate also over lists. — Ami Tavory, Jun 05 '15 at 15:28
Thanks for both of you inputs, on a side note people love down voting question on here. If you're going to vote a question down then I think you should leave a comment saying why. I think it's a valid programming question which I couldn't find anywhere else or know how to search for. — Mo., Jun 05 '15 at 15:38
@Mo. see: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/38229059/understanding-this-line-list-of-tuples-x-y-for-x-y-label-in-data-one — oba2311, Mar 08 '17 at 13:24

score 42 · Accepted Answer · edited Sep 02 '18 at 01:39

42

The "brackets" in your example constructs a new list from an old one, this is called list comprehension.

The basic idea with [f(x) for x in xs if condition] is:

def list_comprehension(xs):
    result = []
    for x in xs:
        if condition:
            result.append(f(x))
    return result

The f(x) can be any expression, containing x or not.

edited Sep 02 '18 at 01:39

ʇolɐǝz ǝɥʇ qoq

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answered Jun 05 '15 at 15:29

folkol

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score 2 · Answer 2 · answered Jun 05 '15 at 15:28

That's a list comprehension, a neat way of creating lists with certain conditions on the fly.

You can make it a short form of this:

a = []
for record in records.split("\n"):
    if record.strip() != '':
        a.append(record)

for record in a:
    # do something

What do [] brackets in a for loop in python mean?

2 Answers2

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