Yes, but the only way I can see you doing it without messing with media queries is by basically copying all your HTML and applying different classes to each "set" of code you have.
For the HTML that is to appear on a phone, you may want
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 visible-xs">
<p class="btn-toolbar pull-right">
Some Content
</p>
</div>
For tablets?
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 visible-md">
<p class="btn-toolbar pull-left">
Some Content
</p>
</div>
Probably not super-efficient but this way you'd be able to have absolute control over every detail of any "version" of your site loaded on a given device.