DynamoDB does support flexible JSON documents, but there is one catch, you will need to make sure the Hash or Hash/Range keys are specified in the document before it is inserted.
Since you want to avoid using the annotated Java objects, the API you want is simply the putItem method on the Table class. This method allows you to insert an Item, which you can construct from a JSON string using the fromJSON method.
The code would look something like:
DynamoDB dynamodb = new DynamoDB(client);
Table myTable = dynamodb.getTable(tableName);
// Make sure your object includes the hash or hash/range key
String myJsonString = "{\"foo\": \"bar\", \"one\": \"two\"}";
// Convert the JSON into an object
Item myItem = Item.fronJSON(myJsonString);
// Insert the Object
table.putItem(myItem);
Edit
I stand corrected, the above code snippet is specific to the AWS Java SDK and I mistakenly believed the fromJSON method was available in the AWS Android SDK.