ApplicationContext and ServletContext

Question

I get confused between the two ApplicationContext and ServletContext when it comes to Spring MVC Application. I know that There is just only One ApplicationContext per Spring Web Application and there is also just only One ServletContext per web application. To initiate the value for both ApplicationContext and ServletContext, in web.xml, we will add something in context-param tag.

That is the point that makes me confused. What are the differences between these two (i know ApplicationContext has some methods to work with beans)? and When we would use ApplicationContext and When we would use ServletContext?

Answer 1

Servlet Context:

It is initialized when a Servlet application is deployed. Servlet Context holds all the configurations (init-param, context-params, etc) of the whole servlet application.

Application Context:

It is a Spring specific thing. It is initialized by Spring. It holds all the bean definitions and life-cycle of the beans that are defined inside the spring configuration files. Servlet-Context has no idea about these things.

There are two types of contexts in Spring parent and child.

Spring Parent Context (Application Context / Root Context )

  <listener>
        <listener-lass> 
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class>
  </listener>
  <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>
            /WEB-INF/service-context.xml,
            /WEB-INF/dao-context.xml,
            /WEB-INF/was-context.xml,
            /WEB-INF/jndi-context.xml,
            /WEB-INF/json-context.xml
        </param-value>
  </context-param>

role-purpose-of-contextloaderlistener-in-spring
Spring-ContextLoaderListener-And-DispatcherServlet-Concepts
When spring container starts up, it reads all the bean definitions from the configuration files and creates beans objects, and manages the life cycle of the bean objects. This configuration is totally optional.

DispatcherServlet vs ContextLoaderListener
/declaring-spring-bean-in-parent-context-vs-child-context

Spring Child Context ( WebApplicationContext / Child Context )

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>myWebApplication</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>
         org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
    </servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>myWebApplication</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/app/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

When spring web application starts it will look for spring bean configuration file myWebApplication-servlet.xml. It will read all the bean definitions and create and manages the bean objects' life cycle. If the parent spring context is available it will merge the child spring context with the parent spring context. If there is no Spring parent context available the application will only have the child spring context.

Answer 2

They are separate things. Every Java web applications based on Servlet technology will have a servlet context, whether it's a spring application or not. In contrast, the ApplicationContext is a Spring thing; in very simple terms, it's a container to hold Spring beans.

To initiate the value for both ApplicationContext and ServletContext, in web.xml, we will add something in context-param tag.

It would help if you quote an example for this, because, as far as I know, context-param is used for ServletContext, and not ApplicationContext.

Update:

You can use a context-param to provide the locations of the root application context configuration files, as below.

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>
        /WEB-INF/root-context.xml
        /WEB-INF/applicationContext-security.xml
    </param-value>
</context-param>

Answer 3

ApplicationContext is Spring's container.

It's used to wire the configurations from Spring beans together and use them for the application.

Use ApplicationContext if you want to retrieve the information of Spring beans.

Use ServletContext if you want to get/set attribute those shared to all Servlet.

Answer 4

In Spring, to read a specific initialisation configuration file, we use the context-param with the predefined name called contextConfigLocation.

<context-param>
  <description>WebFlow context configuration</description>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>/WEB-INF/test-context.xml</param-value>
</context-param> 

But in case of Plain J2EE web application without including any frameworks, the context-param can read from any where in the application i.e. any servlet, filter.

The difference between ApplicationContext and ServletContext, sanjay explained

Answer 5

ServletContext is distinguished from it's 'enclosing' ApplicationContext. The Java doc says the below for ServletContext

There is one [servlet] context per "web application" per Java Virtual Machine. (A "web application" is a collection of servlets and content installed under a specific subset of the server's URL namespace such as /catalog and possibly installed via a .war file.)

Since there can be more than one "web application" under the same AppBase, each with their own DocBase, WEB-INF/web.xml etc., there is definitely a common environment/context that is shared by all "web applications", which is being referred to as the ApplicationContext. In case of JSF, PortletContext is the counter part of ServletContext and the ApplicationContext is referred to as the ExternalContext.