High CPU Usage By Postgres Process

Question

I have an application running on Postgres database, sometimes when I have about 8-10 people working on the application, the CPU usage soars high to something between 99-100%, The application was built on Codeigniter framework which I believe had made provision for closing up connections to the database each and every time it is not needed, What could be solution to this problem. I would appreciate any suggestions. Thank you

Basically, what the people do on the application is to running insert queries but at a very fast rate, A person could run between 70 - 90 insert queries in a minute.

This isn't especially surprising if you're running lots of tiny inserts and you have fast storage so the bottleneck is memory/CPU. You're doing lots of work, so there's lots of load. What's the problem? — Craig Ringer, Aug 24 '15 at 06:05

Ajeet Khan · Answer 1 · 2020-04-24T18:30:13.783

I came across with the similar kind of issue. The reason was - some transactions were getting stuck and running since long time. Hence CPU utilization got increased to 100%. Following command helped to find out the connections running for the longest time:

SELECT max(now() - xact_start) FROM pg_stat_activity
                           WHERE state IN ('idle in transaction', 'active');

This command shows the the amount of time a connection has been running. This time should not be greater than an hour. So killing the connection which was running for a long long time or stuck at any point worked for me. I followed this post for monitoring and solving my issue. Post includes lots of useful commands to monitor this situation.

Hi Ajeet, In my case, the Maximum Transaction Age is 10 minutes and the CPU consumption is around 95%, any suggestions to analyze the problem? — Suresh, Mar 10 '22 at 13:47

score 6 · Answer 2 · edited May 23 '17 at 12:00

6

You need to find out what PostgreSQL is doing. Relevant resources:

Once you find what the slow or the most common queries are use, use EXPLAIN to make sure they are being executed efficiently.

edited May 23 '17 at 12:00

Community

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answered Aug 24 '15 at 06:06

Samuli Pahaoja

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score 0 · Answer 3 · answered Feb 16 '23 at 11:46

Here are some cases we met that cause high CPU usage of Postgres.

Incorrect indexes are used in the query
- Check the query plan - Through EXPLAIN, we could check the query plan, if the index is used in the query, the Index Scan could be found in the query plan result.
- Solution: add the corresponding index for the query SQL to reduce CPU usage
Query with sort operation
- Check EXPLAIN (analyze, buffers) - If the memory is insufficient to do the sorting operation, the temporary file could be used to do the sorting, and high CPU usage comes up.
  - Note: DO NOT "EXPLAIN (analyze)" in a busy production system as it actually executes the query behind the scenes to provide more accurate planner information and its impact is significant
- Solution: Tune up the work_mem and sorting operations
  - Sample: Tune sorting operations in PostgreSQL with work_mem
Long-running transactions
- Find long-running transactions through
```
SELECT  pid
, now() - pg_stat_activity.query_start AS duration, query, state
FROM pg_stat_activity
WHERE (now() - pg_stat_activity.query_start) >  interval '2 minutes';
```
- Solution:
  - Kill the long-running transaction through select pg_terminate_backend(pid)
  - Optimize the transaction or query SQL through corresponding indexes.

High CPU Usage By Postgres Process

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