R Normalizing a dataset in a specific way

Question

I have a dataset which contains 'hits' at each position in a genome. I want to normalize it in a very specific way:

When the column df$HC contains the value 'HC',
Take the value from df$pos which contains the position in bp,
Sum up df$Hits +/-1000bp away from the one in question e.g. if df$pos = 3000, add up hits where df$pos>=2000 and <=4000,
Divide every df$Hits value for those 2000 positions by the total worked out in step 3.

So, each 2000bp patch around each instance of 'HC' (most values in the HC column are NA and don't need to be normalized), has each hit divided by the total number of hits in that patch.

I guess I might be able to do this by subsetting each block of 2000bp around each 'HC' and processing them seperately, but there are ~3000 'HC' positions.

Edit: Due to regions where 'HC+/-1000bp' regions overlap, I think now that I need to extract and process each region seperately, so regions of overlap would be repeated in each subset.

Thanks for any help with this, it's so confusing I have a headache!

dput sample dataframe (due to the character limit it only contains 1000 lines, so try a smaller window than 2000bp):

structure(list(chr = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
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1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
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1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L), .Label = "chr1", class = "factor"), pos = 1:1000, Hits = c(0L, 
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0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
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0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
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0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L), HC = structure(c(NA, 
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NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 1L, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
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NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA), .Label = "HC", class = "factor")), .Names = c("chr", 
"pos", "Hits", "HC"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-1000L))

A smaller sample dataset and expected output:

pos <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
Hits <- c(0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1)
HC <- c(NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 'HC', NA, NA, NA, NA)
df <- data.frame(pos, Hits, HC)

#total hits in a +/-3bp window around HC = 13
#divide each read in the window by 13:

Hits <- c(0, 1, 0.077, 0.154, 0.154, 0.231, 0.154, 0.154, 0.077, 1)

possible duplicate of [Can \`ddply\` (or similar) do a sliding window?](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7225992/can-ddply-or-similar-do-a-sliding-window) — Jakub Kania, Sep 11 '15 at 14:51
Could you possibly present the structure of your data in a shorter way? — sunny, Sep 11 '15 at 14:51
@sunny you can copy that directly into R. `example_data <- structure( ...` — shadowtalker, Sep 11 '15 at 14:53
@JakubKania - I think it's different because I'm not smoothing each position according to a 2000bp window, I'm dividing each position in a 2000bp region around each 'HC' by the total number of hits in that region. — Margins, Sep 11 '15 at 14:55
@Margins If I read your question correctly you first want a sum of sliding window and then use it to do a division. That question answers the first part. — Jakub Kania, Sep 11 '15 at 15:05
@Margins Oh, okay, it's partially a sliding window. But in that case how do you want to handle the areas where two 'HC' patches overlap? — Jakub Kania, Sep 11 '15 at 15:23
@JakubKania - Good question about the overlaps - I'm not sure. I think I will need to extract each 'HC+/-1000bp' region seperately after all, so regions of overlap would be repeated in each subset. I'll edit my original question. — Margins, Sep 11 '15 at 15:27
@Margins Could you provide a set of data that can be done by hand, like with a window of 5 not 2000? Ideally a solved set, just so we know solution works correctly. — Jakub Kania, Sep 11 '15 at 15:49
@JakubKania: You mean something like this? (will add to main post as well) pos <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) Hits <- c(0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1) HC <- c(NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, 'HC', NA, NA, NA, NA) df <- data.frame(pos, Hits, HC) #total hits in a +/-3bp window around HC = 13 #divide each read in the window by 13: Hits <- c(0, 1, 0.077, 0.154, 0.154, 0.231, 0.154, 0.154, 0.077, 1) — Margins, Sep 11 '15 at 16:58

Jakub Kania · Accepted Answer · 2015-09-14T10:04:31.963

1

Okay, this should cover at least the simplified problem:

n   <- 3
len <- length(df[['Hits']])
for(i in which(df[['HC']] %in% 'HC')){
    ran <- max(i-n,1):min(i+n,len)
    reg <- df[['Hits']][ran]
    s <- sum(reg)
    reg <- reg / s
    df[['Hits']] <- replace(df[['Hits']],ran,reg)
}

fiddle

edited Sep 14 '15 at 10:04

answered Sep 11 '15 at 20:13

Jakub Kania

15,665
2
37
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1

Thank you very much, this works on the real dataset too. However, when I change n to 1000, I get an error because there are some HCs near the end of the dataset. I could prevent this by adding 1000 extra rows each end of the dataset, but maybe there's an easier way? PS. sorry for late reply! Error in `[[<-.data.frame`(`*tmp*`, "Hits", value = c(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, : replacement has 10333 rows, data has 10000 – Margins Sep 14 '15 at 09:54
1

@Margins: A copy/paste error on my part. I prepared the variable `len` but instead of specifying the maximum of range as `min(i+n,len)` I copied the same statement as for the minimum. – Jakub Kania Sep 14 '15 at 10:06

R Normalizing a dataset in a specific way

1 Answers1