You can copy one section of the binary to a text file using the command objcopy
from package binutils:
$ objcopy -O binary --only-section=<section> <binary> <output>
So in your case:
$ objcopy -O binary --only-section=.proghead elf-binary-file output.proghead
After that, you can simply code a C++ program that reads a binary file. This approach would work as long as all you need to do is to read that section and not to modify the binary.
If you need to modify the binary, you would need to start reading the section at that sections's offset for size bytes. It's possible to use readelf
to know what offset a section starts and its size:
$ readelf --wide -S /bin/ls
There are 28 section headers, starting at offset 0x1c760:
Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Address Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
[ 0] NULL 0000000000000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0
[ 1] .interp PROGBITS 0000000000400238 000238 00001c 00 A 0 0 1
[ 2] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 0000000000400254 000254 000020 00 A 0 0 4
[ 3] .note.gnu.build-id NOTE 0000000000400274 000274 000024 00 A 0 0 4
[ 4] .gnu.hash GNU_HASH 0000000000400298 000298 000068 00 A 5 0 8
[ 5] .dynsym DYNSYM 0000000000400300 000300 000c18 18 A 6 1 8
[ 6] .dynstr STRTAB 0000000000400f18 000f18 000593 00 A 0 0 1
However, bear in mind that directly modifying a binary is fine as long as there's no new data added or data removed. Adding new data, will grow a section which results into overriding data of other sections and disorganizing the section index. Shrinking a section and filling up with padding may be OK but doing in the .text section, for instance, may affect the program's logic if there's a jump to a relative direction that no longer exists.