My solution was to contact Ricardo Barbosa at CodeCop who proceeded to help me solve this issue promptly and explaining why this was occurring.
My issue was due to not having the correct CLRJIT.dll on my machine
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework
A Windows update solved the issue.
What's Happening
When the CodeCop application runs it creates a folder in %temp%/CodeCop and downloads symbol files from Microsoft to calculate method addresses.
The version I had was 4.6.57.0 in my v4.0.30319 framework folder.
For some reason there was no symbol file from the Microsoft public symbol server for this version of the CLRJIT.dll
Running Fiddler while starting the application showed this to be the case.

After I performed a Windows update I got version 4.6.100.1 of the clrjit.dll the application built and performed as expected.
Thanks to Ricardo for spending the time to solve this issue for me.