How to compile .c file with OpenSSL includes?

Question

I am trying to compile a small .c file that has the following includes:

#include <openssl/ssl.h>
#include <openssl/rsa.h>
#include <openssl/x509.h>
#include <openssl/evp.h>

In the same folder where I have the .c file I have a /openssl with all those files (and more), also in synaptic package manager I see OpenSSL installed, I am trying to compile with this:

gcc -o Opentest Opentest.c -lcrypto

but I always get the errors:

error: openssl/ssl.h: No such file or directory
error: openssl/rsa.h: No such file or directory
error: openssl/x509.h: No such file or directory
error: openssl/evp.h: No such file or directory

The file I want to compile is only a .c file, doesn't have Makefile or ./configure.

I already tried:

env CFLAGS=-I/path/to/openssl/

and tried to compile again but I get the same errors.

What should I do in order to compile with OpenSSL includes?

Answer 1

Your include paths indicate that you should be compiling against the system's OpenSSL installation. You shouldn't have the .h files in your package directory - it should be picking them up from /usr/include/openssl.

The plain OpenSSL package (libssl) doesn't include the .h files - you need to install the development package as well. This is named libssl-dev on Debian, Ubuntu and similar distributions, and openssl-devel on CentOS, Fedora, Red Hat and similar.

Answer 2

Use the -I flag to gcc properly.

gcc -I/path/to/openssl/ -o Opentest -lcrypto Opentest.c

The -I should point to the directory containing the openssl folder.

Answer 3

Use the snippet below as a solution for the cited challenge;

yum install openssl
yum install openssl-devel

Tested and proved effective on CentOS version 5.4 with keepalived version 1.2.7.

Answer 4

You need to include the library path (-L/usr/local/lib/)

gcc -o Opentest Opentest.c -L/usr/local/lib/ -lssl -lcrypto

It works for me.

Answer 5

If the OpenSSL headers are in the openssl sub-directory of the current directory, use:

gcc -I. -o Opentest Opentest.c -lcrypto

The pre-processor looks to create a name such as "./openssl/ssl.h" from the "." in the -I option and the name specified in angle brackets. If you had specified the names in double quotes (#include "openssl/ssl.h"), you might never have needed to ask the question; the compiler on Unix usually searches for headers enclosed in double quotes in the current directory automatically, but it does not do so for headers enclosed in angle brackets (#include <openssl/ssl.h>). It is implementation defined behaviour.

You don't say where the OpenSSL libraries are - you might need to add an appropriate option and argument to specify that, such as '-L /opt/openssl/lib'.

Answer 6

From the openssl.pc file

prefix=/usr
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
includedir=${prefix}/include

Name: OpenSSL
Description: Secure Sockets Layer and cryptography libraries and tools
Version: 0.9.8g
Requires:
Libs: -L${libdir} -lssl -lcrypto
Libs.private: -ldl -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -lz
Cflags: -I${includedir}

You can note the Include directory path and the Libs path from this. Now your prefix for the include files is /home/username/Programming . Hence your include file option should be -I//home/username/Programming.

(Yes i got it from the comments above)

This is just to remove logs regarding the headers. You may as well provide -L<Lib path> option for linking with the -lcrypto library.

Answer 7

For this gcc error, you should reference to to the gcc document about Search Path.

In short:

1) If you use angle brackets(<>) with #include, gcc will search header file firstly from system path such as /usr/local/include and /usr/include, etc.

2) The path specified by -Ldir command-line option, will be searched before the default directories.

3)If you use quotation("") with #include as #include "file", the directory containing the current file will be searched firstly.

so, the answer to your question is as following:

1) If you want to use header files in your source code folder, replace <> with "" in #include directive.

2) if you want to use -I command line option, add it to your compile command line.(if set CFLAGS in environment variables, It will not referenced automatically)

3) About package configuration(openssl.pc), I do not think it will be referenced without explicitly declared in build configuration.