There are several points that can cause errors:
- Mismatched gcmsender ids with project number
In the airshipconfig.properties gcmSender = #########
The Mismatch Sender ID error happens when your Sender ID is incorrect. Ensure you're using your project number, not ID.

- Mismatched API keys

In the urbanairship dashboard, go to settings -> services

- Mismatched package names
The package name is optional, if they do not match though this will cause a problem and it can be removed altogether - the package name, not the service!

- Lack of internet access
One thing I am wary of is users with lacking IT skills knowing how to use an app, and I don't overlook internet access.
- If notifications only arrive when connected to WiFi, confirm that
Background data is enabled.
- Background data needs to be enabled on
devices. Otherwise pushes can't send from GCM to Android devices until
they have active WiFi connection. Pushes are lost after they leave
Urban Airship. To enable background data for each version of Android
OS, please consult Android documentation. nb*
- Enabling notifications on the device
- Notifications are not
enabled for the application itself. Notifications are enabled or
disabled in the Manage Applications screen. Navigate there for each
Android OS by selecting Show Notifications.


The quotes are taken from Urbanairship GCM Troubleshooting Guide
nb* There are no reasonable ways of ensuring mobile data is enabled, at best the user can receive a warning when there is no wifi connection and mobile data is disable Latest update on enabling and disabling mobile data programmatically
As an extra:
For notification problems on a specific device I ask the client to complete a form like so:
Mobile Type:
Android, iOS, other.
Make:
Example: Sony,
Samsung, Apple.
Model
In iOS Example:
Settings -> General ->
About -> Model = MF325X/A
In Android Example:
Settings -> About Phone -> -> Model number = E2353
Exact Android or iOS version
In iOS Example:
Settings -> General -> About -> Version = 8.3 (12F70)
In android Example:
Settings -> About Phone -> Android Version
That way any changes in permissions between OS versions, or the way push notifications are managed, or known bugs in a device can be explored also.