OK with a quick little DB App on Access 2013 I ran into this problem. I found several different explanation across multiple support sites like this one, but every one had been left open without a solution or at least a solution that worked for me. The Trusted location solution had no effect, recompiling the code, deleting the VB in the form -saving the form (sans code) and then replacing the code in the form and compiling did not work.
So let's get this straight: the accdb has gone through multiple testing and debug compile completes with out note and has been used operationally for half a year. However, when I decided to harden the Db making both the front end and back end accde files, the back end compiled (there is locking code in the backend) and the accde worked fine, the front end compiled with out error, but the accde file none of it VBA worked. The default startup form opened, but none of the vb subs seemed to be executed - the form_load sub didn't do anything and when the buttons were pressed nothing happened (all except the button that executed an embedded macro - that button worked).
After trying all the different solutions and banging my head on the wall for a while I decided it had to be something in the original accbd file. So I created a new blank accdb and imported all the Table links, forms, Queries, and modules into the new db. Tested the accdb and everything was working; compiled and made the accde - it didn't work. Same problem. hummmm? It's not the Access installation because the back end compiles and it's accde works fine. I thought I reestablished the link between the form(s) and the VB by deleting the code and saving the form without the code, then adding(pasting from notepad) the code back in and saving the form again, but that didn't work. So I tried an experiment. I created a new form with a button that ran code to pop up a message, compiled the DB and made the accde and the new form worked (all the others still didn't). Would I have to remake every form? Well let's try a short cut I copied and pasted each form to it's original name with a 2 appended, then deleted every original form and renamed all the copies. Some quick tests and all the DB functions are fine, the compile is fine and the Accde --- it works! No code change; no error to find - just recopying the form(s) some how reconnected the VB to the forms once the DB was made into a ACCDE.