How to use xmllint to validate an XML document with an XSD?

Question

I'm trying to use xmllint to check my work while developing a basic XSD i.e. XML Schema schema. However it's giving me an error

Validation failed: no DTD found.

What am I doing wrong?

My xmllint command:

xmllint --noout --valid --schema simple.xsd lucas-basic.xml
lucas-basic.xml:5: validity error : Validation failed: no DTD found !
        >
        ^
lucas-basic.xml validates

Test XSD file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xsd:element name="vehicles">
    <xsd:complexType>
      <xsd:sequence>
        <xsd:element name="nickname" type="xsd:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
      </xsd:sequence>
    </xsd:complexType>
  </xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>

Test XML file:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<vehicles xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://lucas.ucs.ed.ac.uk/xml-schema/xmlns/simple.xsd">
  <nickname>Bog Hopper</nickname>
  <nickname>Wee Beastie</nickname>
  <nickname>Count Zero</nickname>
</vehicles>

The URL at xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation does return the above XSD. Also, I downloaded the XSD file and put it into the current directory as an extra measure, but this didn't seem to have changed anything.

Now that I have it working I should comment that using a local file or specifying a remote schema works equally well e.g. --schema simple.xsd OR --schema http://lucas.ucs.ed.ac.uk/xml-schema/xmlns/simple.xsd — Tristan, Mar 30 '16 at 20:40

score 28 · Accepted Answer · answered Mar 30 '16 at 19:16

28

--valid is for DTDs, not XSDs.

This will work for you instead:

xmllint --noout --schema http://lucas.ucs.ed.ac.uk/xml-schema/xmlns/simple.xsd lucas-basic.xml

answered Mar 30 '16 at 19:16

kjhughes

106,133
27
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That seems to work thanks! Does this mean that a document written using an XSD rather than a DTD is technically not valid XML? – Tristan Mar 30 '16 at 20:27
3

Haha, no, it means their choice of command line switch names was imperfect. – kjhughes Mar 30 '16 at 20:30

score 3 · Answer 2 · answered Feb 14 '17 at 23:35

The OP attempt and accepted answer "validate" the XSD by testing it against a sample file. To validate the XSD file against the XSD specification, the following command may be used:

xmllint --noout --schema http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema.xsd my_schema.xsd

... and for v1.1 the schema is https://www.w3.org/2009/XMLSchema/XMLSchema.xsd

NOTE: the v1.0 schema has some qualifications at the top about the normative structure schema so it's possible another file should actually be used but this worked fine for me.

How to use xmllint to validate an XML document with an XSD?

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