Please see the post: Chart.js canvas resize . There are actually two answers that are really good solutions here. You can use the chart options like below:
// Boolean - whether or not the chart should be responsive and resize when the browser does.
responsive: true,
// Boolean - whether to maintain the starting aspect ratio or not when responsive, if set to false, will take up entire container
maintainAspectRatio: false,
or you can set the canvas width and height using client side code:
var ctx = document.getElementById("canvas").getContext("2d");
ctx.canvas.width = 300;
ctx.canvas.height = 300;
var myDoughnut = new Chart(ctx).Doughnut(doughnutData);
This post very effectively answers your question about why % values dont work: Canvas is stretched when using CSS but normal with "width" / "height" properties