I have create and test an app just like your..
web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
</web-app>
index.html
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" ng-app="phonecat">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Google Phone Gallery</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/app.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.css">
<script src="/resources/bower_components/angular/angular.js"></script>
<script src="js/app.js"></script>
<script src="js/controllers.js"></script>
<script src="js/filters.js"></script>
<script src="js/services.js"></script>
<script src="/resources/bower_components/angular/angular-resource.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-view></div>
</body>
</html>
it works for me..
Problem lies into your java script file src attribute, it is not pointed properly to js file
<script src="resources/bower_components/angular/angular.js"></script>
change into
<script src="/resources/bower_components/angular/angular.js"></script>
i beleive you problem will be solved