The choice of the proper platform greatly depends on your current architecture, knowledge, and budget.
Your question suggests that it is web based, for which there are only two basic options:
- WebSocket: There exists many WebSocket server solutions including compiled executables, PHP based, and Node.js. This approach is greatly gaining in popularity but isn't necessarily accessible to every budget since it usually requires a complete server to run. VPS limitations are usually too important for systems that require so many simultaneous connections.
- AJAX: The use of AJAX and its variants is still a very popular solution and, when well implemented, can be almost as efficient as WebSocket without the need to sustain the connections constantly. It doesn't often matter if there is a one second delay, and Facebook chat is usually much slower than that.
For non web-based solution, anything is possible. If you develop a client-server application, you can have real time connections similar to WebSocket which can be even easier to maintain.