encoding guidelines to avoid issues with streams

Question

What are the guidelines i should follow to avoid encoding issues when reading files or converting string to bytes, bytes to streams streams to reader etc. Any important notes, tutorials would also help.

Best Regards, Keshav

Answer 1

• Avoid converting between bytes and strings needlessly
• Be aware that werever you convert between bytes and strings, there is an encoding involved, implicitly or explicitly
• Be very careful to avoid the API calls that use the platform default encoding (first and foremost: FileReader/Writer) unless you are handling user-supplied data without an explicitly declared encoding
• If the file format / network protocol does have an explicit encoding declaration, make sure you use it correctly

Answer 2

My advice is to use java.io.Reader / java.io.Writer if possible, and set the character when you use InputStreamReader / OutputStreamWriter.