Why can't I import AndroidJUnit4 and ActivityTestRule into my unit test class?

Question

I'm having trouble importing some of the Android UI testing framework classes - I just can't figure out what is going wrong!

This is my class:

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@LargeTest
public class ExampleUnitTest {

@Rule
public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule(MainActivity.class);

@Test
public void listGoesOverTheFold() {
    onView(withText("Hello world!")).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
  }
}

But for some reason I get the errors 'cannot find symbol ActivityTestRule' and 'cannot find symbol AndroidJUnit4'. I've tried to import them but they cannot be found.

The dependencies in build.gradle are set to:

compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.4.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.4.0'

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.2'

So I think I have all the dependencies setup - I've been trying many things but with no luck.

Anyone have any ideas?

What directory is your test class in - `test/java` or `androidTest/java`? — Jahnold, Jun 14 '16 at 20:36
What if my test is in `androidTest/java`, and I'm having this problem? — alayor, Jul 08 '18 at 20:57

score 140 · Answer 1 · edited Jul 03 '18 at 14:21

140

Add these in the newer version:

androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:rules:1.0.2'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2'

edited Jul 03 '18 at 14:21

sela

314
1
11

answered May 21 '18 at 06:27

Smaran

1,651
2
11
15

score 67 · Accepted Answer · answered Jun 15 '16 at 15:54

There are two different types of tests you can set up in Android

Unit Tests

These run directly on the JVM and do not have access to the Android framework classes.
They are kept in the test/java package
Dependencies need to added in the build.gradle file with the command testCompile
You generally use Mockito, Robolectric & JUnit for these tests

Instrumentation Tests

These run on an Android emulator and have full access to all the Android classes
They are kept in the androidTest/java package
Dependencies need to be added to build.gradle with androidTestCompile
You generally use Espresso and JUnit for these tests

From what I can tell you are trying to write instrumentation tests with Espresso but have your test in the test/java package which is for unit tests. In that case you need to move your test class to the androidTest/java package.

Thanks, that's solved it! I didn't realise there was a difference between test/java and androidTest/java — Hallupa, Jun 15 '16 at 18:38
Make sure you also TestImplement `'com.android.support.test:rules:1.0.2'` — GeekWithGlasses, Aug 09 '19 at 15:30

score 67 · Answer 3 · edited Aug 30 '21 at 14:31

67

If you migrated to AndroidX, use this:

androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:rules:1.4.0'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.4.0'

edited Aug 30 '21 at 14:31

Erfan Eghterafi

4,344
1
33
44

answered Dec 18 '18 at 14:33

peresisUser

1,680
18
23

score 37 · Answer 4 · edited Jul 28 '18 at 11:48

37

Adding:

androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:rules:1.0.2'

solves problem, but don't forget to sync the project with gradle files. Only then the changes will take effect.

edited Jul 28 '18 at 11:48

sɐunıɔןɐqɐp

3,332
15
36
40

answered Jul 28 '18 at 09:36

Bartosz Posieczek

371
3
2

note: com.android.support packages are deprecated now. Developers should use androidx equivalent packages – 404pio Nov 23 '21 at 15:48

score 24 · Answer 5 · answered Feb 05 '17 at 16:33

24

need this add dependencies

 testCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
 testCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'

answered Feb 05 '17 at 16:33

prodigy007

339
3
4

'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5' and 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5' are for androidTest, not test. so it should be androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5' – thuongle May 16 '18 at 07:34
androidTestImplementation form Android Studio 3.x on – Ewoks Jun 09 '18 at 21:26

score 14 · Answer 6 · edited May 31 '20 at 11:55

From androidX use

androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:rules:1.1.1'

androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.1.1'

In your dependencies section in your app level build.gradle file

for eg :

 dependencies {

     androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:rules:1.1.1'
     androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.1.1'
 }

Then import

import androidx.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;

score 11 · Answer 7 · edited May 08 '18 at 11:37

11

Add dependency.

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'

edited May 08 '18 at 11:37

4b0

21,981
30
95
142

answered May 08 '18 at 10:31

velraj

261
4
3

score 8 · Answer 8 · edited Jul 11 '20 at 12:32

For writing UI tests((tests that run on Android Device/Emulator)) in Android, make sure that

The Test classes are in androidTest package rather that test package.
Make sure you make the following dependencies in build.gradle

androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.2.0'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:rules:1.2.0'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.1'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13'

For Unit Testing(tests that run on JVM) make sure

1.Test classes are in test package

2.Make sure you make the following dependencies in build.gradle

testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13'
testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core:2.23.0'

Adding the androidTestImplementation and testImplementation did the trick for me. Thanks! — Tim, May 12 '21 at 22:33

score 0 · Answer 9 · answered Aug 17 '21 at 12:17

0

Using ActivityScenarioRule worked for me.

    @Rule
public ActivityScenarioRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityScenarioRule(MainActivity.class);

answered Aug 17 '21 at 12:17

user10061998

193
1
4

score 0 · Answer 10 · answered Jul 17 '22 at 10:33

0

you need to add these dependencies

    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.1'

answered Jul 17 '22 at 10:33

Osama Sayed

21
6

The similar answer is already exists: https://stackoverflow.com/a/50443155/596566 – DearDhruv Jul 19 '22 at 10:52

Why can't I import AndroidJUnit4 and ActivityTestRule into my unit test class?

10 Answers10

Linked