Recursively cast numeric values as integers or floats

Question

Because MYSQL's "SELECT" selects integers and floats as strings, and I need every response I get (from JS) to be in a correct data model -

• 1 not "1",
• 53.2 not "53.2",

I created this recursive function that works on mixed type - array/object:

private function cast_number(&$mixed) {
    if(is_array($mixed)) {
        foreach ($mixed as $key => $val)
            if (is_numeric($val))
                $mixed[$key] = (double)$val;
            else if (is_array($val) || is_object($val))
                $mixed[$key] = $this->cast_number($val);
    } else if(is_object($mixed)) {
        foreach ($mixed as $key => $val)
            if (is_numeric($val))
                $mixed->$key = (double)$val;
            else if (is_array($val) || is_object($val))
                $mixed->$key = $this->cast_number($val);
    }
    return $mixed;
}

Pretty simple function - if is number, cast double, if is array or object, go over recursivly.

Everything here is in place.

I have two problems with this: - On 6MB of data, of mostly numbers that are represented as strings it took 0.5 seconds - On 200MB of data (yes, I need it, please don't focus on it), it failed after a couple of minutes (usually seconds), saying it needs more than 4GB of memory..

1. How can I improve this function? (Speed, Memory)
2. Why is it taking so long? even json_encode, that I would think is a bigger function takes much less time..

Answer 1

Because coercion used to be faster than casting, I ran this code to calculate timings on PHP 7 :

function getTime($start) {
    return round((microtime(true) - $start) * 1000000) / 1000;
}

function mockData($length) {
    $data = [];
    $i = -1;

    while ($i++ < $length) {
        $data[$i] = strval(rand(1, 10000) / 100);
    }

    return $data;
}

$data = mockData(100000);

// Let's check that they are string before
echo gettype($data[0]) . '<br><br>';

$start = microtime(true);
$convertedData = [];
foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
    $convertedData[$key] = (double) $value;
}
echo '(double) cast took ' . getTime($start) . ' ms.<br>';

$start = microtime(true);
$convertedData = [];
foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
    $convertedData[$key] = 0 + $value;
}
echo 'Coercion took ' . getTime($start) . ' ms.<br>';

And my results are :

(double) cast took 27.508 ms.
Coercion took 28.789 ms.

CONCLUSION

Since using floatval (a third way to achieve string to double conversion) is even longer, you can't do better than that with PHP. What you're trying to achieve is a scripting operation, it shouldn't be used as a normal back-end operation for a web application.

But if you still want to do that, you can higher your memory_limit inside your php.ini file, as long as you don't use the -1 workaround.

UPDATE

I forgot one possible optimization, you should pass your variable by reference to at least execute immediate assignation :

$start = microtime(true);
foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
    $data[$key] = (double) $value;
}
echo getTime($start) . ' ms.<br>';

=> 34.018 ms.

$start = microtime(true);
foreach ($data as &$value) {
    $value = (double) $value;
}
echo getTime($start) . ' ms.<br>';

=> 17.081 ms.

And apparently using coercion with by reference gives even better results :

$start = microtime(true);
foreach ($data as &$value) {
    $value = 0 + $value;
}
echo getTime($start) . ' ms.<br>';

=> 13.1 ms.

Answer 2

This should improve the speed and memory:

private function cast_number(&$mixed)
{
    foreach ($mixed as &$val) {
        if (is_numeric($val)) {
            $val = (double) $val;
        } else if (is_array($val) || is_object($val)) {
            $this->cast_number($val);
        }
    }
    // do not return $mixed
}

but perhaps you could achieve greater improvements using array_walk_recursive function.