If you want to get the result combined with all of your options you can do the follow (with union
method you can combine multiple queries):
If ($type!=null && $Des!=null && $cou!=null){
$query1 = Activity::where('id', $type);
$query2 = Activity::where('des_id', $Des);
$query3 = Activity::where('des_id', $cou);
$allQueries = $query1->union($query2)->union($query3)->get();
} elseif ($type!=null && $Des!=null){
$query1 = Activity::where('id', $type);
$query2 = Activity::where('des_id', $Des);
$allQueries = $query1->union($query2)->get();
} elseif ($type!=null && $cou!=null){
$query1 = Activity::where('id', $type);
$query2 = Activity::where('des_id', $cou);
$allQueries = $query1->union($query2)->get();
} elseif ($type!=null && $cou!=null){
$query1 = Activity::where('id', $type);
$query2 = Activity::where('des_id', $Des);
$allQueries = $query1->union($query2)->get();
} elseif ($Des!=null && $cou!=null){
$query1 = Activity::where('id', $cou);
$query2 = Activity::where('des_id', $Des);
$allQueries = $query1->union($query2)->get();
} elseif ($type!=null){
$query1 = Activity::where('id', $type)->get();
} elseif ($Des!=null){
$query1 = Activity::where('id', $Des)->get();
} elseif ($cou!=null){
$query1 = Activity::where('id', $cou)->get();
}