Java SE (Standard Edition) and Java EE (Enterprise Edition) are not concrete products, they are specifications. There are implementations of these specifications available. Oracle's JDK (Java Development Kit) is an implementation of the Java SE specification.
Basically:
- Java SE = the Java programming language + the API of the standard library
- Java EE = extra APIs for enterprise computing
Meaning Java SE is Oracle's implementation of Java?
No, Oracle's JDK is Oracle's implementation of Java SE (the specification).
Oracle also has a Java EE SDK which is an implementation of the Java EE specification, which includes the GlassFish application server. There are other implementations of Java EE available, such as WildFly (formerly JBoss), IBM's WebSphere and Oracle's WebLogic Server.
Spring is a library and framework built on Java SE, but it also supports some of the Java EE specification. You do not need a Java EE application server to use Spring.
About IoC (Inversion of Control), see: What is Inversion of Control?