How can I pass data from a programmatically created button to another class?

Question

I'm currently working on developing an Android app, in which I have an Activity where the user can see all of their current streaks (which were created programmatically with data accessed from Android's SQLite database).

I'm trying to then pass this data when clicked into another activity which displays an individual streak from the list of all streaks. I would need to pass all 4 pieces of information (streak name, streak category, date started, and days kept), and I'm honestly not quite sure where to start. Below is what I have so far, and while I'm not getting errors - this is currently passing either null, 0 or simply nothing to EnlargedActivity.java.

I currently have most of my code in EnlargedActivity's onResume() method, since whenever a new button is clicked, new data has to be passed in - although I'm not sure if that's the best way to do this, I'm still pretty new to Android programming. Thanks!

AllStreaks.java

 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_all_streaks);
    Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
    setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

    prefs = getSharedPreferences("carter.streakly", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
    editor = prefs.edit();

    db = new DatabaseHelper(this);
    mTableLayout = (TableLayout) findViewById(R.id.all_streak_table);
    Cursor res = db.getAllData();
    if(res.getCount() ==0) {
        //show message
        showMessage("Error", "Nothing found");
        return;
    }

    idList = new ArrayList<>();
    streakList = new ArrayList<>();
    categoryList = new ArrayList<>();
    dateStartedList = new ArrayList<>();
    daysKeptList = new ArrayList<>();
    buttonList = new ArrayList<>();

    int counter = 0;
    //StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
    while (res.moveToNext()){
        idList.add(res.getString(0));
        //buffer.append("STREAKNAME :"+ res.getString(1)+"\n");
        //buffer.append("STREAKCATEGORY :"+res.getString(2)+"\n");
        //buffer.append("DATESTARTED :"+res.getString(3)+"\n");;
        daysKeptList.add(res.getString(4));
        streakList.add(res.getString(1));
        counter++;
    }

    LinearLayout.LayoutParams btnParams = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(200, 200);
    btnParams.setMargins(200, 30, 80, 30);

    LinearLayout.LayoutParams tvParams = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, ActionBar.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
    tvParams.setMargins(100, 0, 0, 0);

    i = 0;
    while (i < counter){
        if(i%2==0){
            mTableRow = new TableRow(this);
            mTableLayout.addView(mTableRow);
        }

        ll = new LinearLayout(this);
        ll.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
        mTableRow.addView(ll);

        btn = new Button(this);
        btn.setText(daysKeptList.get(i));
        btn.setId(i);
        btn.setBackground(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.round_button));
        btn.setLayoutParams(btnParams);
        buttonList.add(btn);

        ll.addView(btn);

        tv = new TextView(this);
        tv.setText(streakList.get(i));
        tv.setId(i);
        tv.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER | Gravity.BOTTOM);
        tv.setTextSize(20);
        tv.setLayoutParams(tvParams);
        ll.addView(tv);

        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(AllStreaks.this, EnlargedActivity.class);
                intent.putExtra("enlargeName", streakList.get(i-1));
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });

        i++;
    }
}

public void showMessage(String title, String message){
    AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
    builder.setCancelable(true);
    builder.setTitle(title);
    builder.setMessage(message);
    builder.show();
}
}

EnlargedActivity.java

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_enlarged);

    prefs = getSharedPreferences("carter.streakly", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
    editor = prefs.edit();

    Toast.makeText(EnlargedActivity.this, streakIconName, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}

public void onResume(){
    super.onResume();

    db = new DatabaseHelper(this);
    res = db.getAllData();
    if(res.getCount() ==0) {
        //show message
        showMessage("Error", "Nothing found");
        return;
    }

    idList = new ArrayList<>();
    streakList = new ArrayList<>();
    categoryList = new ArrayList<>();
    dateStartedList = new ArrayList<>();
    daysKeptList = new ArrayList<>();

    streakIcon = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.activity_enlarge_icon);
    streakIcon.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
    streakIcon.setTextSize(30);

    counter = 0;

    while (res.moveToNext()){
        idList.add(res.getString(0));
        streakList.add(res.getString(1));
        categoryList.add(res.getString(2));
        dateStartedList.add(res.getString(3));
        daysKeptList.add(res.getString(4));

        if (streakList.get(counter) == getIntent().getStringExtra("enlargeName")){
            streakIconName = streakList.get(counter);
            daysKept = Integer.parseInt(daysKeptList.get(counter));
            streakIcon.setText(streakIconName + "\n" + daysKept);
        }

        counter++;
    }
}

public void onPause(){
    super.onPause();

    counter = 0;

    idList.clear();
    streakList.clear();
    categoryList.clear();
    dateStartedList.clear();
    daysKeptList.clear();
}

public void showMessage(String title, String message){
    AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
    builder.setCancelable(true);
    builder.setTitle(title);
    builder.setMessage(message);
    builder.show();
}

}