In the below link it is specified when we should create index on particular column or columns:
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e40540/indexiot.htm#CNCPT1895
The indexed columns are queried frequently and return a small percentage of the total number of rows in the table.
A referential integrity constraint exists on the indexed column or columns. The index is a means to avoid a full table lock that would otherwise be required if you update the parent table primary key, merge into the parent table, or delete from the parent table.
A unique key constraint will be placed on the table and you want to manually specify the index and all index options.
First point is clear, could anyone please explain 2nd and 3rd point?