Ran into same issue as OP, March 2017 Android Studio 2.3.
My build was working fine for months, and this issue came up right after adding a new line to gradle build file. Ultimately making some changes in Gradle and re-sync'ing fixed the issue, but my Gradle ended up being exactly the same as when the issue first came up, strangely.
My original Gradle build dependencies:
compile 'com.android.support:design:25.1.1'
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1'
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:25.1.1'
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.1.1'
compile 'com.android.support:gridlayout-v7:25.1.1'
compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:25.1.1'
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:25.1.1'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:10.0.0'
compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:10.0.0'
compile 'com.google.maps.android:android-maps-utils:0.5'
compile 'com.android.volley:volley:1.0.0'
compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.4'
Then, I simply added a new line:
compile 'org.scribe:scribe:1.3.5'
This is when the issue appeared, same as OP.
I saw red errors in my styles.xml and wondered "wtf?".
Cleaning and re-building had no affect.
Going back to the Gradle build file, I commented-out that new line. ISSUE RESOLVED! So obviously there was something going on.
For fun, I put that line, uncommented, at the top of this compile list. NO ISSUE!
For fun yet again, I put that line back again to the bottom of the list (like how originally added it). NO ISSUE.... weird!
How Gradle sync'ing responds doesn't seem to be 100% consistent. I did no other changes to my project. All I can say is try toggling and re-ordering things in the compile list.