Code, debug, run? Yes. Deploy for Windows? No.
There is an unofficial Windows port which is not ready for production, or maybe not even aimed for production, but more like an academic project.
However, let's look at slightly relaxed demands a bit -- that will get much more interesting!
If you only want to:
- Practice Swift development on Windows,
- contribute to a Swift project with no need to distribute,
- or deploy to Linux (like to a server), but develop on Windows,
... then, yes, you can, even using the official tools and with no virtualization trickery.
Windows 10 Anniversary Update comes with the built-in Linux subsystem called "Bash on Ubuntu on Windows", which in turn supports the Linux version of the Swift compiler. With this feature enabled, feel free to develop in your favorite Windows IDE or text editor, and compile to your heart's content on the Bash command line. The Linux subsystem will have full, transparent access through the full Windows file system via mount points at e.g. /mnt/c/, etc.