Find one or create with Mongoose

Question

I have

Page.findById(pageId).then(page => {
  const pageId = page.id;
   ..
});

My problem is that if no page id is given, it should just take the first available page given some conditions, which is done by

Page.findOne({}).then(page => {
  const pageId = page.id;
  ..
});

but if no page is found, it should create a new page and use this, which is done with

Page.create({}).then(page => {
  const pageId = page.id;
  ..
});

But how do I combine all this to as few lines as possible?

I have a lot of logic going on inside

page => { ... }

so I would very much like to do this smart, so I can avoid doing it like this

if (pageId) {
  Page.findById(pageId).then(page => {
    const pageId = page.id;
     ..
  });
} else {
  Page.findOne({}).then(page => {
    if (page) {
      const pageId = page.id;
      ..
    } else {
      Page.create({}).then(page => {
        const pageId = page.id;
        ..
      });
    }
  });
}

I am thinking I maybe could assign a static to the schema with something like

pageSchema.statics.findOneOrCreate = function (condition, doc, callback) {
  const self = this;
  self.findOne(condition).then(callback).catch((err, result) => {
    self.create(doc).then(callback);
  });
};

Answer 1

As per the Mongoose docs:

As per previous SO answer

Model.findByIdAndUpdate()

"Finds a matching document, updates it according to the update arg, passing any options, and returns the found document (if any) to the callback."

In the options set upsert to true:

upsert: bool - creates the object if it doesn't exist. defaults to false.

Model.findByIdAndUpdate(id, { $set: { name: 'SOME_VALUE' }}, { upsert: true  }, callback)

Answer 2

Related to Yosvel Quintero's answer which didn't work for me:

pageSchema.statics.findOneOrCreate = function findOneOrCreate(condition, callback) {
    const self = this
    self.findOne(condition, (err, result) => {
        return result ? callback(err, result) : self.create(condition, (err, result) => { return callback(err, result) })
    })
}

And then use it like:

Page.findOneOrCreate({ key: 'value' }, (err, page) => {
    // ... code
    console.log(page)
})

Answer 3

Promise async/await version.

Page.static('findOneOrCreate', async function findOneOrCreate(condition, doc) {
  const one = await this.findOne(condition);

  return one || this.create(doc);
});

Usage

Page.findOneOrCreate({ id: page.id }, page).then(...).catch(...)

Or

async () => {
  const yourPage = await Page.findOneOrCreate({  id: page.id }, page);
}

Answer 4

Each Schema can define instance and static methods for its model. Statics are pretty much the same as methods but allow for defining functions that exist directly on your Model

Static method findOneOrCreate:

pageSchema.statics.findOneOrCreate = function findOneOrCreate(condition, doc, callback) {
  const self = this;
  self.findOne(condition, (err, result) => {
    return result 
      ? callback(err, result)
      : self.create(doc, (err, result) => {
        return callback(err, result);
      });
  });
};

Now when you have an instance of Page you can call findOneOrCreate:

Page.findOneOrCreate({id: 'somePageId'}, (err, page) => {
  console.log(page);
});

Answer 5

One lines solution with async/await:

const page = Page.findOne({}).then(p => p || p.create({})

Answer 6

If you don't want to add a static method to the model, you can try to move some things around and at least not to have all these callback nested levels:

function getPageById (callback) {
  Page.findById(pageId).then(page => {
    return callback(null, page);
  });
}

function getFirstPage(callback) {
  Page.findOne({}).then(page => {
    if (page) {
      return callback(null, page);
    }

    return callback();
  });
}

let retrievePage = getFirstPage;
if (pageId) {
  retrievePage = getPageById;
}

retrievePage(function (err, page) {
  if (err) {
    // @todo: handle the error
  }

  if (page && page.id) {
    pageId = page.id;
  } else {
    Page.create({}).then(page => {
      pageId = page.id;
    });
  }
});

Answer 7

The solutions posted here ignore that this pattern is most common when there's a unique index on a field or a combination of fields. This solution considers unique index violation errors correctly:

mongoose.plugin((schema) => {
  schema.statics.findOrCreate = async function findOrCreate(key, attrs) {
    try {
      return await this.create({ ...attrs, ...key });
    } catch (error) {
      const isDuplicateOnThisKey =
        error.code === 11000 &&
        Object.keys(error.keyPattern).sort().join(',') ===
          Object.keys(key).sort().join(',');
      if (isDuplicateOnThisKey) {
        const doc = await this.findOne(error.keyValue);
        doc.set(attrs);
        return await doc.save();
      }
      throw error;
    }
  };
});

Usage:

await Post.findOrCreate({ slug: 'foobar' }, { title: 'Foo Bar', body });

Answer 8

try this..

 var myfunc = function (pageId) {
  // check for pageId passed or not
 var newId = (typeof pageId == 'undefined') ? {} : {_id:pageId};

 Page.findOne(pageId).then(page => {
 if (page)
 const pageId = page.id;
 else {  // if record not found, create new

    Page.create({}).then(page => {
        const pageId = page.id;
    });
  }
});

 }