Why is there not a built-in method in JavaScript to check if an object is a plain object?

Question

Given the developments of JavaScript since the languages' inception, why is there not a built in method that checks if an object is a plain object?

Or does the method in fact exist?

Answer 1

You can check the type and the instance of an object this way:

var a = new Date();
console.log(typeof a);
console.log(a instanceof Date);

var b = "Hello";
console.log(typeof b);
console.log(b instanceof Date);

Updated according to the comments from the OP:

let arr = [1, 2, true, 4, {
    "abc": 123
  },
  6, 7, {
    "def": 456
  },
  9, [10], {}, "[object Object]"
];
arr.forEach(function(v) {
  if (typeof v == "object" && !(v instanceof Array) && v != null)
    console.log("Object Found");
  else
    ; // console.log("Na");
});

The above code snippets outputs thrice Object Found.

Answer 2

There doesn't exist any explicit direct way to check if a value is an object, i.e. belongs to Object type, but there are some foolproof ways to do it. I wrote a list in another answer, the most succinct seems

function isObject(value) {
  return Object(value) === value;
}

A feature like this has been requested multiple times on esdiscuss. For example,

• What is an Object Type(O)?

  Juriy Zaytsev "kangax" wonders about a proper way to check if a value is an object.

• typeof null

  • Brendan Eich: "I think we should consider Object.isObject"
  • Jorge: "Why not .isPrimitive()?"

• ES6 doesn't need opt-in

  • Brendan Eich: "We want sane isObject and isNull predicates"
  • Axel Rauschmayer: "predicates such as isObject() and isPrimitive()"

In fact, Object.isObject was proposed as strawman, and it appeared in an ES6 early draft.

• TC39 bashing: Discussion about Object.isObject in the ES6 draft.

• How primitive are Symbols? Bignums? etc: discusses x === Object(x)

Object.isObject strawman was eventually rejected and removed from ES6 draft.

More recently,

• ES8 Proposal: Optional Static Typing (Brandon Andrews): Includes Object.isObject

Now there is the is{Type} Methods stage 0 proposal which includes Object.isObject among lots of various other checks.

So there is still hope and eventually we may have something like this.

---

The above is for testing objects in general. If you don't want that you should define what "plain object" means for you.

For example, you can test the constructor property. But any object can customize it.

You can use Object.prototype.toString to get the legacy ES5 [[Class]]. But any object can customize that via Symbol.toStringTag.

You can check the value returned by [[GetPrototypeOf]]. But even exotic objects might allow their prototype to be changed to whatever arbitrary object or null. And Proxy objects even have full control over that internal method.

So most probably you won't be able to rely on these tests. And adding something to the standard may be hard because different people may want different things.

What I would like is some way to check if an object is an ordinary one. That is, it has the default behaviour for the essential internal methods that must be supported by all objects.

Once you know that an object is ordinary, you can rely on things like [[GetPrototypeOf]] to customize the test to your tastes.

Answer 3

Relying on [object Object] string representation is inaccurate. This behaviour may be changed for any objects with:

let o = { toString: () => '...' };
('' + o) !== '[object Object]'

var a = [];
a.toString = () => '[object Object]';
('' + a) === '[object Object]';

The most solid way to check if a value is a plain object is

let o = {}
Object.getPrototypeOf(o) === Object.prototype

And considering that constructor property wasn't tampered, the most straightforward way to check if a value is a plain object is

let o = {}
o.constructor === Object

This covers all POJOs constructed from Object and doesn't cover Object.create(null, { ... }) or any child classes (including built-ins like RegExp or Array):

Object.create(null).constructor !== Object
[].constructor !== Object
(new class {}).constructor !== Object

One of the possible reasons why there is no dedicated method to check for object plainness is because a restriction to use only {} objects is not practical. This makes very little sense in the context of JS. This prevents the use of any class instances or relatively 'plain' objects (Object.create({}, ...)).

This would require the hack in order for desired non-plain objects to pass the check:

Object.assign({}, (new class {})).constructor === Object

In most cases of object checking 'everything which is not forbidden is allowed' principle pays off (with extra caution regarding infamous null inconsistency).

Applying the above to this case, a safe and concise condition to filter non-array objects is

o && typeof o === 'object' && !Array.isArray(o)

And a condition to filter objects that are not built-ins (functions, Array, RegExp, etc) is

o && (o.constructor === Object || !/\[native code\]/.test(o.constructor))

Answer 4

Just for the sake of further documenting different ways:

One way I can think of:

JSON.stringify(testValue)[0] === '{';

Keep in mind that objects with circular references cannot be stringified. However, if you are certain that all testValues cannot have circular references, you have yourself a way to check against Null, Arrays, and any primitive value to ensure that you have an Object.

I suggest that if you plan on using this throughout your code though, that you define a helper function that actually implements it, in case you find that this does not work as you expect and end up having to change the way you check it.

Answer 5

Every thing JavaScript is an Object , so there is no need to have an isObject api